Anal Fistulas and Fissures: Multimedia

References

1. Garcia-Aguilar J, Belmonte C, Wong WD, Goldberg SM, Madoff RD. Anal fistula surgery. Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. Jul 1996;39(7):723-9. [Medline].

2. Kuehn HG, Gebbensleben O, Hilger Y, Rohde H. Relationship between anal symptoms and anal findings. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6(2):77-84. [Medline].

3. North JH Jr, Weber TK, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Meropol NJ, Petrelli NJ. The management of infectious and noninfectious anorectal complications in patients with leukemia. J Am Coll Surg. Oct 1996;183(4):322-8. [Medline].

4. Nordgren S, Fasth S, Hulten L. Anal fistulas in Crohn's disease: incidence and outcome of surgical treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis. Dec 1992;7(4):214-8. [Medline].

5. Oh C, Divino CM, Steinhagen RM. Anal fissure. 20-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum. Apr 1995;38(4):378-82. [Medline].

6. Khan JS, Tan N, Nikkhah D, Miles AJ. Subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy (SLIS)-a safe technique for treatment of chronic anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. Jul 21 2009;[Medline].

7. Brisinda G, Cadeddu F, Mazzeo P, Maria G. Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. Dec 2007;1(2):219-28. [Medline].

8. Mousavi SR, Sharifi M, Mehdikhah Z. A comparison between the results of fissurectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the surgical management of chronic anal fissure. J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 2009;13(7):1279-82. [Medline].

9. Chung CC, Choi CL, Kwok SP, Leung KL, Lau WY, Li AK. Anal and perianal tuberculosis: a report of three cases in 10 years. J R Coll Surg Edinb. Jun 1997;42(3):189-90. [Medline].

10. Farquharson M. Haemorrhoids, fissures and anal fistulae. Trop Doct. Oct 2002;32(4):196-201. [Medline].

11. Isbister WH, Prasad J. Fissure in ano. Aust N Z J Surg. Feb 1995;65(2):107-8. [Medline].

12. Jonas and Scholefield. American Gastroenterology Association. 2004.

Further Reading

Keywords

fissure-in-ano, anal tear, anorectal disorder, intersphincteric fistula, transsphincteric fistula, suprasphincteric fistula, extrasphincteric fistula, anorectal abscess, rectal bleeding, rectal pain, bloody stools, pruritus, malodorous perianal drainage, perianal pain, sentinel pile, enlarged anal papillae, skin tag, acute fistulous abscess, chronic diarrhea, habitual use of cathartics, perianal abscesses, ischiorectal abscesses, syphilis, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, leukemia, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, diverticulitis, actinomycosis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, LGV, radiation exposure, HIV, anorectal fistula

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Ingrid Legall, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Florida Hospital-Flagler
Ingrid Legall, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine; Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Summa Health System
Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, National Association of EMS Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Eugene Hardin, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, Former Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science; Former Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Martin Luther King Jr/Drew Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH, Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System
Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physician Executives, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, Medical Society of Delaware, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.