eMedicine Specialties > Emergency Medicine > Infectious Diseases
Mumps: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Mar 23, 2009
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
Differential Diagnoses
| Encephalitis | Myocarditis |
| Epididymitis | Orchitis |
| Mastoiditis | Ovarian Torsion |
| Meningitis | Sjogren Syndrome |
Other Problems to Be Considered
Bacterial (suppurative) parotitis
Parotid duct stone
Drug reactions
Parotid tumor
Cervical lymphadenitis
Cytomegalovirus
Mikulicz syndrome
Workup
Laboratory Studies
- Diagnosis is usually clinical. Laboratory evaluation is usually undertaken in the ED to look for other causes of a patient's symptoms or to evaluate for complications or comorbidity. Mumps-specific tests are generally performed on an outpatient basis.
- Mumps virus can be isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs, urine, blood, and fluid from buccal cavity typically from 7 days before up until 9 days after the onset of parotitis.
- Mumps infection can be confirmed by demonstrating significant rise in mumps specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody between acute and convalescent titers or a positive mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM). IgG titer can be detected by complement fixation, hemaglutination inhibition, or enzyme immunoassay.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to detect viral antigen.
- A lymphocytosis or leukopenia may be present.
- Serum amylase level may be elevated.
- CNS infections usually exhibit a lymphocytic pleocytosis.
Imaging Studies
- No specific imaging studies are diagnostic.
- Imaging studies may be needed as a further workup with certain complications of mumps.
- Testicular ultrasonography may be performed when acute orchitis is found clinically, with specific indication to rule out torsion.
More on Mumps |
| Overview: Mumps |
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Mumps |
| Treatment & Medication: Mumps |
| Follow-up: Mumps |
| References |
| « Previous Page | Next Page » |
References
Caplan CE. Mumps in the era of vaccines. CMAJ. Mar 23 1999;160(6):865-6. [Medline].
Recommended adult immunization schedule - United States, 2009. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Available at http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=13982&nbr=007058&string=mumps. Accessed March 23, 2009.
General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Available at http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=12325&nbr=006390&string=mumps. Accessed March 23, 2009.
Global status of mumps immunization and surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 2 2005;80(48):418-24. [Medline].
CDC; MMWR Weekly. Mumps Epidemic - Iowa, 2006. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a3.htm. Accessed September 29, 2008.
Majda-Stanislawska E. Mumps cerebellitis. Eur Neurol. 2000;43(2):117. [Medline].
Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Varsano I. Complications of mumps requiring hospitalization in children. Eur J Pediatr. Sep 1995;154(9):732-4. [Medline].
Saijo M, Fujita K. [Central nervous system infection caused by mumps virus]. Nippon Rinsho. Apr 1997;55(4):870-5. [Medline].
Sonmez FM, Odemis E, Ahmetoglu A, Ayvaz A. Brainstem encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following mumps. Pediatr Neurol. Feb 2004;30(2):132-4. [Medline].
Wharton IP, Chaudhry AH, French ME. A case of mumps epididymitis. Lancet. Feb 25 2006;367(9511):702. [Medline].
Kayan A, Bellman H. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to mumps. Br J Clin Pract. Dec 1990;44(12):757-9. [Medline].
McQuone SJ. Acute viral and bacterial infections of the salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. Oct 1999;32(5):793-811. [Medline].
Kabakus N, Aydinoglu H, Yekeler H. Fatal mumps nephritis and myocarditis. J Trop Pediatr. Dec 1999;45(6):358-60. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
mumps, mumps virus, mumps vaccine, parotitis, swollen cheeks, epidemic parotiditis, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, MMR vaccine, vaccination, shots, paramyxovirus, meningitis, CNS involvement in mumps, orchitis, deafness, pancreatitis
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Mumps