Bell Palsy: Multimedia

References

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2. Cardoso JR, Teixeira EC, Moreira MD, Fávero FM, Fontes SV, Bulle de Oliveira AS. Effects of exercises on Bell's palsy: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Otol Neurotol. Jun 2008;29(4):557-60. [Medline].

3. He L, Zhou MK, Zhou D, Wu B, Li N, Kong SY, et al. Acupuncture for Bell's palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 17 2007;CD002914. [Medline].

4. Seok JI, Lee DK, Kim KJ. The usefulness of clinical findings in localising lesions in Bell's palsy: comparison with MRI. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Apr 2008;79(4):418-20. [Medline].

5. Katusic SK, Beard CM, Wiederholt WC, Bergstralh EJ, Kurland LT. Incidence, clinical features, and prognosis in Bell's palsy, Rochester, Minnesota, 1968-1982. Ann Neurol. Nov 1986;20(5):622-7. [Medline].

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7. Peitersen E. Bell's palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002;4-30. [Medline].

8. Kim YH, Choi IJ, Kim HM, Ban JH, Cho CH, Ahn JH. Bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy: clinical analysis in seven cases. Otol Neurotol. Apr 2008;29(3):397-400. [Medline].

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10. Gilden DH. Clinical practice. Bell's Palsy. N Engl J Med. Sep 23 2004;351(13):1323-31. [Medline].

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12. Vrabec JT, Isaacson B, Van Hook JW. Bell's palsy and pregnancy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Dec 2007;137(6):858-61. [Medline].

13. Smouha EE, Coyle PK, Shukri S. Facial nerve palsy in Lyme disease: evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria. Am J Otol. Mar 1997;18(2):257-61. [Medline].

14. Unlu Z, Aslan A, Ozbakkaloglu B, Tunger O, Surucuoglu S. Serologic examinations of hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, and rubella in patients with Bell's palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Jan 2003;82(1):28-32. [Medline].

15. Morgan M, Moffat M, Ritchie L, Collacott I, Brown T. Is Bell's palsy a reactivation of varicella zoster virus?. J Infect. Jan 1995;30(1):29-36. [Medline].

16. Kawaguchi K, Inamura H, Abe Y, Koshu H, Takashita E, Muraki Y. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus and therapeutic effects of combination therapy with prednisolone and valacyclovir in patients with Bell's palsy. Laryngoscope. Jan 2007;117(1):147-56. [Medline].

17. Völter C, Helms J, Weissbrich B, Rieckmann P, Abele-Horn M. Frequent detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Bell's palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. Aug 2004;261(7):400-4. [Medline].

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19. Salinas RA, Alvarez G, Ferreira J. Corticosteroids for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD001942. [Medline].

20. [Best Evidence] Sullivan FM, Swan IR, Donnan PT, Morrison JM, Smith BH, McKinstry B. Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell's palsy. N Engl J Med. Oct 18 2007;357(16):1598-607. [Medline].

21. Engstrom M, Berg T, Stjernquist-Desatnik A, Axelsson S, Pitkäranta A, Hultcrantz M, et al. Prednisolone and valaciclovir in Bell's palsy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. Nov 2008;7(11):993-1000. [Medline].

22. Allen D, Dunn L. Aciclovir or valaciclovir for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;CD001869. [Medline].

23. Hato N, Yamada H, Kohno H, Matsumoto S, Honda N, Gyo K. Valacyclovir and prednisolone treatment for Bell's palsy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Otol Neurotol. Apr 2007;28(3):408-13. [Medline].

24. Grogan PM, Gronseth GS. Practice parameter: Steroids, acyclovir, and surgery for Bell's palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. Apr 10 2001;56(7):830-6. [Medline].

25. Kanazawa A, Haginomori S, Takamaki A, Nonaka R, Araki M, Takenaka H. Prognosis for Bell's palsy: a comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Acta Otolaryngol. Aug 2007;127(8):888-91. [Medline].

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30. [Best Evidence] Quant EC, Jeste SS, Muni RH, Cape AV, Bhussar MK, Peleg AY. The benefits of steroids versus steroids plus antivirals for treatment of Bell's palsy: a meta-analysis. BMJ. Sep 7 2009;339:b3354. [Medline].

31. de Almeida JR, Al Khabori M, Guyatt GH, Witterick IJ, Lin VY, Nedzelski JM, et al. Combined corticosteroid and antiviral treatment for Bell palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. Sep 2 2009;302(9):985-93. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

Bell's palsy, Bell palsy, facial nerve paralysis, facial paralysis, idiopathic facial paralysis, unilateral facial paralysis, cranial nerve VII paralysis, seventh cranial nerve paralysis, neurologic disorder, paralysis on one side of face, weakness on one sideof face, drooling, tearing from eyes, upper respiratory infection, URI, viral infection, herpes simplex virus, HSV

Contributor Information and Disclosures

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Bruce Lo, MD, Medical Director, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital; Assistant Professor, Assistant Program Director, Core Academic Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School
Bruce Lo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Emergency Medicine Residents Association, Medical Society of Virginia, Norfolk Academy of Medicine, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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