Uterine Prolapse: Multimedia

References

1. Cardozo L, Staskin D, eds. Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology, Second Edition. Informa HealthCare; 2006.

2. Swift SE. The distribution of pelvic organ support in a population of female subjects seen for routine gynecologic health care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2):277-85. [Medline].

3. Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group. Risk factors for genital prolapse in non-hysterectomized women around menopause. Results from a large cross-sectional study in menopausal clinics in Italy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Dec 2000;93(2):135-40. [Medline].

4. Hagen S, Stark D, Maher C, Adams EJ. Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008.

5. Katz VL, Lentz G, Lobo RA, Gershenson D. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5^th ed. Mosby; 2007.

6. De Ridder D. Should we use meshes in the management of vaginal prolapse?. Curr Opin Urol. Jul 2008;18(4):377-82. [Medline].

7. Daneshgari F, Kefer JC, Moore C, Kaouk J. Robotic abdominal sacrocolpopexy/sacrouteropexy repair of advanced female pelvic organ prolaspe (POP): utilizing POP-quantification-based staging and outcomes. BJU Int. Oct 2007;100(4):875-9. [Medline].

8. [Guideline] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Pelvic organ prolapse. Washington (DC). Sep 2007;[Full Text].

9. DeLancey JO. Anatomy and biomechanics of genital prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. Dec 1993;36(4):897-909. [Medline].

10. Hagen S, Stark D, Maher C, Adams E. Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;CD003882. [Medline].

11. Handa VL, Harris TA, Ostergard DR. Protecting the pelvic floor: obstetric management to prevent incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. Sep 1996;88(3):470-8. [Medline].

12. Haylen BT. The retroverted uterus: ignored to date but core to prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. Nov 2006;17(6):555-8. [Medline].

13. Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I, Aragaki A, Barnabei V, McTiernan A. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women's Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2002;186(6):1160-6. [Medline].

14. Loret de Mola JR, Carpenter SE. Management of genital prolapse in neonates and young women. Obstet Gynecol Surv. Apr 1996;51(4):253-60. [Medline].

15. Morley GW. Treatment of uterine and vaginal prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. Dec 1996;39(4):959-69. [Medline].

16. Ozel B, White T, Urwitz-Lane R, Minaglia S. The impact of pelvic organ prolapse on sexual function in women with urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. Jan 2006;17(1):14-7. [Medline].

17. Rinne KM, Kirkinen PP. What predisposes young women to genital prolapse?. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. May 1999;84(1):23-5. [Medline].

18. Rush CB, Entman SS. Pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Med Clin North Am. Nov 1995;79(6):1473-9. [Medline].

19. Sanai T, Yamashiro Y, Nakayama M, Uesugi N, Kubo N, Iguchi A. End-stage renal failure due to total uterine prolapse. Urology. Mar 2006;67(3):622.e5-7. [Medline].

20. Shaunik A. Pelvic organ myiasis. Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2006;107(2 Pt 2):501-3. [Medline].

21. Silva WA, Kleeman S, Segal J, Pauls R, Woods SE, Karram MM. Effects of a full bladder and patient positioning on pelvic organ prolapse assessment. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 2004;104(1):37-41. [Medline].

22. Soderberg MW, Falconer C, Bystrom B, Malmstrom A, Ekman G. Young women with genital prolapse have a low collagen concentration. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Dec 2004;83(12):1193-8. [Medline].

23. Swift S, Woodman P, O'Boyle A, et al. Pelvic Organ Support Study (POSST): the distribution, clinical definition, and epidemiologic condition of pelvic organ support defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2005;192(3):795-806. [Medline].

24. Tan JS, Lukacz ES, Menefee SA, Powell CR, Nager CW. Predictive value of prolapse symptoms: a large database study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. May-Jun 2005;16(3):203-9; discussion 209. [Medline].

25. Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR. Sexual function and vaginal anatomy in women before and after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2000;182(6):1610-5. [Medline].

26. Wheeler LD, Lazarus R, Torkington J, O'Mahony MS, Woodhouse KW. Lesson of the week: perils of pessaries. Age Ageing. Sep 2004;33(5):510-1. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

prolapsed uterus, uterine prolapse, pelvic organ prolapse, procidentia, pregnancy trauma, uterus, vagina, treatment, symptoms, causes, descent of the uterus into the vagina, herniation of the uterus into the vagina, vaginal wall prolapse, weakness of the pelvic support, obstetrical trauma, lacerations during labor, lacerations during delivery, congenital weakness in the pelvic musculature, multiparous women, postmenopausal women, pelvic heaviness, pelvic pressure, protrusion of tissue, pelvic pain, impaired coitus, lower back pain, constipation, difficulty urinating, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, obstetrical trauma, congenital weakness of pelvic supports, decreased estrogen, increased intra-abdominal pressure, obesity, chronic lung disease, asthma, pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic relaxation, urogenital prolapse, vaginal vault prolapse

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Raafat S Barsoom, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
Raafat S Barsoom, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Emergency Medicine Residents Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Richard H Sinert, DO, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Research Director, State University of New York College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center
Richard H Sinert, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Medical Editor

David S Howes, MD, Residency Program Director, Professor of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago/Pritzker School of Medicine
David S Howes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Pamela L Dyne, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine/Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center
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