Acute Orbital Compartment Syndrome: Multimedia

References

1. Lima V, Burt B, Leibovitch I, Prabhakaran V, Goldberg RA, Selva D. Orbital compartment syndrome: the ophthalmic surgical emergency. Surv Ophthalmol. Jul-Aug 2009;54(4):441-9. [Medline].

2. McInnes G, Howes DW. Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis: a simple, vision-saving procedure. CJEM. Jan 2002;4(1):49-52. [Medline].

3. Holt GR, Holt JE. Incidence of eye injuries in facial fractures: an analysis of 727 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jun 1983;91(3):276-9. [Medline].

4. Ballard SR, Enzenauer RW, O'Donnell T, Fleming JC, Risk G, Waite AN. Emergency lateral canthotomy and cantholysis: a simple procedure to preserve vision from sight threatening orbital hemorrhage. J Spec Oper Med. Summer 2009;9(3):26-32. [Medline].

5. Gerber SL, Duprat G. Orbital compression syndrome after orbital extravasation of X-ray contrast material. Am J Ophthalmol. Oct 2000;130(4):530-1. [Medline].

6. Goodall KL, Brahma A, Bates A, Leatherbarrow B. Lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis: an effective method of urgent orbital decompression for sight threatening acute retrobulbar haemorrhage. Injury. Sep 1999;30(7):485-90. [Medline].

7. Hayreh SS, Kolder HE, Weingeist TA. Central retinal artery occlusion and retinal tolerance time. Ophthalmology. Jan 1980;87(1):75-8. [Medline].

8. Hislop WS, Dutton GN. Retrobulbar haemorrhage: can blindness be prevented?. Injury. Dec 1994;25(10):663-5. [Medline].

9. Larsen M, Wieslander S. Acute orbital compartment syndrome after lateral blow-out fracture effectively relieved by lateral cantholysis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. Apr 1999;77(2):232-3. [Medline].

10. Leibovitch I, Casson R, Laforest C, Selva D. Ischemic orbital compartment syndrome as a complication of spinal surgery in the prone position. Ophthalmology. Jan 2006;113(1):105-8. [Medline].

11. Li KK, Meara JG, Joseph MP. Reversal of blindness after facial fracture repair by prompt optic nerve decompression. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Jun 1997;55(6):648-50. [Medline].

12. Li KK, Meara JG, Rubin PA. Orbital compartment syndrome following orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Aug 1995;53(8):964-8. [Medline].

13. Ord RA. Post-operative retrobulbar haemorrhage and blindness complicating trauma surgery. Br J Oral Surg. Sep 1981;19(3):202-7. [Medline].

14. Osaka K. Prolonged vasospasm produced by the breakdown products of erythrocytes. J Neurosurg. Sep 1977;47(3):403-11. [Medline].

15. Patchett RB, Wilson WB, Ellis PP. Ophthalmic complications with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Br J Ophthalmol. May 1988;72(5):377-9. [Medline].

16. Prodhan P, Noviski NN, Butler WE, Eskandar E, Ellen Grant P, Whalen MJ, et al. Orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a 12-yr-old boy with severe traumatic asphyxia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. Jul 2003;4(3):367-9. [Medline].

17. Rosdeutscher JD, Stadelmann WK. Diagnosis and treatment of retrobulbar hematoma resulting from blunt periorbital trauma. Ann Plast Surg. Dec 1998;41(6):618-22. [Medline].

18. Sacks SH, Lawson W, Edelstein D, Green RP. Surgical treatment of blindness secondary to intraorbital hemorrhage. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jul 1988;114(7):801-3. [Medline].

19. Samples JR, Hedges JR. Ophthalmologic procedures. In: Roberts JR, Hedges JR, eds. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1998:1089-119.

20. Simeone FA, Vinall P. Mechanisms of contractile response of cerebral artery to externally-applied fresh blood. J Neurosurg. Jul 1975;43(1):37-47. [Medline].

21. Sullivan SR, Ahmadi AJ, Singh CN, Sires BS, Engrav LH, Gibran NS. Elevated orbital pressure: another untoward effect of massive resuscitation after burn injury. J Trauma. Jan 2006;60(1):72-6. [Medline].

22. Wood CM. The medical management of retrobulbar haemorrhage complicating facial fractures: a case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Aug 1989;27(4):291-5. [Medline].

23. Yung CW, Moorthy RS, Lindley D, Ringle M, Nunery WR. Efficacy of lateral canthotomy and cantholysis in orbital hemorrhage. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Jun 1994;10(2):137-41. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

acute orbital compartment syndrome, retrobulbar hematoma, orbital compartment syndrome, intraorbital hemorrhage, subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit, ACON, acute compressive optic neuropathy, orbital injuries, ocular injuries, lateral canthotomy, inferior cantholysis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

David A Peak, MD, Assistant Residency Director of Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital; Consulting Staff, Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
David A Peak, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH, Lecturer in Health Policy and Administration, Department of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine
Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Legal Medicine, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Douglas Lavenburg, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health Systems
Douglas Lavenburg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH, Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System
Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physician Executives, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, Medical Society of Delaware, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.