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Pediatrics, Headache: Follow-up

Author: Kirsten A Bechtel, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Feb 3, 2008

Follow-up

Further Outpatient Care

  • Chronic recurrent headaches should be referred to either a pediatric neurologist or a neurosurgeon, depending on the cause.

Patient Education

Miscellaneous

Medicolegal Pitfalls

  • CT scans do not always identify subarachnoid bleeds. Therefore, remember to perform a lumbar puncture despite negative findings on CT scan for patients suspected of having a subarachnoid bleed.
 


More on Pediatrics, Headache

Overview: Pediatrics, Headache
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Pediatrics, Headache
Treatment & Medication: Pediatrics, Headache
Follow-up: Pediatrics, Headache
References
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References

  1. Lewis D, Ashwal S, Hershey A, Hirtz D, Yonker M, Silberstein S, et al. Practice parameter: pharmacological treatment of migraine headache in children and adolescents: report of the American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. Dec 28 2004;63(12):2215-24. [Medline]. [Full Text].

  2. American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2000;108(3):798-808.

  3. Bechtel K. Acute mental status change due to acute confusional migraine. Pediatr Emerg Care. Apr 2004;20(4):238-41. [Medline].

  4. Bille BS. Migraine in school children. A study of the incidence and short-term prognosis, and a clinical, psychological and electroencephalographic comparison between children with migraine and matched controls. Acta Paediatr Suppl. May 1962;136:1-151. [Medline].

  5. Clement PA, Bluestone CD, Gordts F, Lusk RP, Otten FW, Goossens H, et al. Management of rhinosinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Oct 5 1999;49 Suppl 1:S95-100. [Medline].

  6. Cooney BS, Grossman RI, Farber RE, Goin JE, Galetta SL. Frequency of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with migraine. Headache. Nov-Dec 1996;36(10):616-21. [Medline].

  7. Fleisher DR, Matar M. The cyclic vomiting syndrome: a report of 71 cases and literature review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Nov 1993;17(4):361-9. [Medline].

  8. Haslam R. Headaches-migraine. Behrman RE, Kleigman RM, Arvin AM, eds. Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. WB Saunders; 1996:1702-3.

  9. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia. 1988;8 Suppl 7:1-96. [Medline].

  10. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160. [Medline].

  11. Hoffman G. Headache and facial pain. Tintinalli JE, ed. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 4th ed. 1996:1008-14.

  12. Kaniecki RG, Totten J. Cervicalgia in migraine: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and response to treatment. Cephalalgia. 2001;21:296.

  13. Landy S. Migraine throughout the life cycle: treatment through the ages. Neurology. Mar 9 2004;62(5 Suppl 2):S2-8. [Medline].

  14. Laurell K, Larsson B, Eeg-Olofsson O. Prevalence of headache in Swedish schoolchildren, with a focus on tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. May 2004;24(5):380-8. [Medline].

  15. Lee LH, Levey EB. Formulary/special drug topics. In: Barone MB, ed. The Harriet Lane Handbook. Mosby Publishing Co; 1996:480-643.

  16. Lewis DW. Headaches in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. Jul 2007;37(6):207-46. [Medline].

  17. Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Diamond S, Diamond ML, Reed M. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American Migraine Study II. Headache. Jul-Aug 2001;41(7):646-57. [Medline].

  18. Neinstein L, Milgrom E. Trauma-triggered migraine and acute confusional migraine. J Adolesc Health. Aug 2000;27(2):119-24. [Medline].

  19. Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M. Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine. Ann Neurol. Apr 1981;9(4):344-52. [Medline].

  20. Packer RJ, Berman PH. Emergency Medicine. Neurologic emergencies. In: Fleisher G, Ludwig S, et al, eds. Textbook of Pediatric. 1993:582-4.

  21. Prensky A. Headache. Oski F, DeAngelis C, Feigin R, Warshaw J, eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatrics. 1990:1947-50.

  22. Ramadan NM. Targeting therapy for migraine: what to treat?. Neurology. May 24 2005;64(10 Suppl 2):S4-8. [Medline].

  23. Silberstein SD, Olesen J, Bousser MG, Diener HC, Dodick D, First M. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICHD-II)--revision of criteria for 8.2 Medication-overuse headache. Cephalalgia. Jun 2005;25(6):460-5. [Medline].

  24. Stickler GB. Relationship between cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Jul-Aug 2005;44(6):505-8. [Medline].

  25. Welch KM. Contemporary concepts of migraine pathogenesis. Neurology. Oct 28 2003;61(8 Suppl 4):S2-8. [Medline].

  26. Wober-Bingol C, Wober C, Wagner-Ennsgraber C, Karwautz A, Vesely C, Zebenhoizer K, et al. IHS criteria for migraine and tension-type headache in children and adolescents. Headache. Apr 1996;36(4):231-8. [Medline].

  27. Zidverc-Trajkovic J, Pekmezovic T, Jovanovic Z, Pavlovic A, Mijajlovic M, Radojicic A, et al. Medication overuse headache: clinical features predicting treatment outcome at 1-year follow-up. Cephalalgia. Nov 2007;27(11):1219-25. [Medline].

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Further Reading

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Keywords

headache, migraine, migraine headache, tension headache, sinus headache, sinusitis, head trauma, intracranial mass, benign intracranial hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, epilepsy, meningeal irritation, headache causes, headaches in teenagers, basilar migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, CVS, ophthalmoplegic migraine, cluster headache, medication overuse headache, MOH, hemiplegic migraine, hemisensory migraine, common migraine, classic migraine, complicated migraine 

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Kirsten A Bechtel, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital
Kirsten A Bechtel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

William G Gossman, MD, Associate Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center
William G Gossman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH, Clinical Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati
Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Richard G Bachur, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Associate Chief and Fellowship Director, Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Boston
Richard G Bachur, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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