Toxicity, Cyanide: Multimedia

References

1. American Association of Poison Control Centers. Annual Reports of the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. [Full Text].

2. National Cancer Institute. Cancer topics: Laetrile/Amygdalin. 11/21/2005;[Full Text].

3. Baud FJ, Barriot P, Toffis V, et al. Elevated blood cyanide concentrations in victims of smoke inhalation. N Engl J Med. Dec 19 1991;325(25):1761-6. [Medline].

4. Beamer WC, Shealy RM, Prough DS. Acute cyanide poisoning from laetrile ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. Jul 1983;12(7):449-51. [Medline].

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6. Borron SW, Baud FJ, Barriot P, et al. Prospective study of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation. Ann Emerg Med. Jun 2007;49(6):794-801, 801.e1-2. [Medline].

7. Borron SW, Baud FJ, Megarbane B, et al. Hydroxocobalamin for severe acute cyanide poisoning by ingestion or inhalation. Am J Emerg Med. Jun 2007;25(5):551-8. [Medline].

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9. Forsyth JC, Mueller PD, Becker CE, et al. Hydroxocobalamin as a cyanide antidote: safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in heavily smoking normal volunteers. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1993;31(2):277-94. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

cyanide toxicity, cyanide poisoning, cyanide exposure, nitrile poisoning, prussic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogens, HCN

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Inna Leybell, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital
Inna Leybell, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Student Association/Foundation, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Stephen W Borron, MD, MS, FACEP, FACMT, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medical Toxicology, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Associate Medical Director, West Texas Regional Poison Center
Stephen W Borron, MD, MS, FACEP, FACMT is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, American Industrial Hygiene Association, and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
Disclosure: Dey, L.P. Consulting fee Consulting; Merck Sante Grant/research funds Laboratory research; Dey, L.P. Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Medical Editor

David C Lee, MD, Research Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Associate Professor, North Shore University Hospital and New York University Medical School
David C Lee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD, Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart & St. Joseph's Hospitals
John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

John G Benitez, MD, MPH, FACMT, FACPM, FAAEM, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University; Managing Director, Tennessee Poison Center
John G Benitez, MD, MPH, FACMT, FACPM, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Medical Toxicology, American College of Preventive Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Asim Tarabar, MD, Assistant Professor, Director, Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.