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Toxicity, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Sep 22, 2009
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
Differential Diagnoses
Workup
Laboratory Studies
- Standard laboratory tests for poisoned patients are indicated if the patient has significant symptoms.
- Quantitative levels of MAOIs are not clinically useful.
- Electrolytes with lactic acid to evaluate for acidosis due to hypoperfusion
- Toxicology screens are primarily useful in ruling out other toxins.
- Acetaminophen level should be ordered in every patient with intentional overdose.
- Obtain pregnancy tests in women of childbearing age.
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References
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Dawson JK, Earnshaw SM, Graham CS. Dangerous monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions are still occurring in the 1990s. J Accid Emerg Med. Mar 1995;12(1):49-51. [Medline].
Francois B, Marquet P, Desachy A, et al. Serotonin syndrome due to an overdose of moclobemide and clomipramine. A potentially life-threatening association. Intensive Care Med. Jan 1997;23(1):122-4. [Medline].
Henry JA. Epidemiology and relative toxicity of antidepressant drugs in overdose. Drug Saf. Jun 1997;16(6):374-90. [Medline].
Hernandez AF, Montero MN, Pla A, Villanueva E. Fatal moclobemide overdose or death caused by serotonin syndrome?. J Forensic Sci. Jan 1995;40(1):128-30. [Medline].
Isbister GK, Hackett LP, Dawson AH, et al. Moclobemide poisoning: toxicokinetics and occurrence of serotonin toxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. Oct 2003;56(4):441-50. [Medline].
Kokan L. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In: Goldfrank, Flomenbaum, Howland, Hoffman, Nelson. Goldfrank's Toxicological Emergencies. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002:885-900/chap60.
Further Reading
Keywords
monoamine oxidase inhibitor toxicity, monoamine oxidase inhibitor poisoning, antidepressant overdose, MAOI, MAO, MAO-A, MAO-B, MAOI poisoning, phenelzine sulfate, Nardil, tranylcypromine sulfate, Parnate, isocarboxazid, Marplan, selegiline, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, analgesics, tyramine-containing foods, catecholamines, excessive catecholamine neurotransmitters, MAOI overdose
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Toxicity, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor