Toxicity, Phenytoin Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Charlene A Miller, MD; Chief Editor: Asim Tarabar, MD more...
Differential Diagnoses
- Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation
- Encephalitis
- Erythema Multiforme
- Hepatitis
- Hypoglycemia
- Shock, Cardiogenic
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- Toxicity, Barbiturate
- Toxicity, Benzodiazepine
- Toxicity, Carbamazepine
- Toxicity, Isoniazid
- Toxicity, Sedative-Hypnotics
- Toxicity, Valproate
Craig S. Phenytoin poisoning. Neurocrit Care. 2005;3(2):161-70. [Medline].
McCluggage LK, Voils SA, Bullock MR. Phenytoin toxicity due to genetic polymorphism. Neurocrit Care. 2009;10(2):222-4. [Medline].
Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Heard SE. 2007 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). Dec 2008;46(10):927-1057. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Adams BD, Buckley NH, Kim JY, Tipps LB. Fosphenytoin may cause hemodynamically unstable bradydysrhythmias. J Emerg Med. Jan 2006;30(1):75-9. [Medline].
Chokshi R, Openshaw J, Mehta NN, Mohler E 3rd. Purple glove syndrome following intravenous phenytoin administration. Vasc Med. Feb 2007;12(1):29-31. [Medline].
Sen S, Ratnaraj N, Davies NA, Mookerjee RP, Cooper CE, Patsalos PN. Treatment of phenytoin toxicity by the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS). Epilepsia. Feb 2003;44(2):265-7. [Medline].
Dolgin JG, Nix DE, Sanchez J, Watson WA. Pharmacokinetic simulation of the effect of multiple-dose activated charcoal in phenytoin poisoning--report of two pediatric cases. DICP. Jun 1991;25(6):646-9. [Medline].
Ghannoum M, Troyanov S, Ayoub P, Lavergne V, Hewlett T. Successful hemodialysis in a phenytoin overdose: case report and review of the literature. Clin Nephrol. Jul 2010;74(1):59-64. [Medline].
De Schoenmakere G, De Waele J, Terryn W, Deweweire M, Verstraete A, Hoste E, et al. Phenytoin intoxication in critically ill patients. Am J Kidney Dis. Jan; 2005;45(1):189-92. [Medline].
Carducci B, Hedges JR, Beal JC, et al. Emergency phenytoin loading by constant intravenous infusion. Ann Emerg Med. Nov 1984;13(11):1027-31. [Medline].
Dela Cruz FG, Kanter MZ, Fischer JH, Leikin JB. Efficacy of individualized phenytoin sodium loading doses administered by intravenous infusion. Clin Pharm. Mar 1988;7(3):219-24. [Medline].
Donovan PJ, Cline D. Phenytoin administration by constant intravenous infusion: selective rates of administration. Ann Emerg Med. Feb 1991;20(2):139-42. [Medline].
Earnest MP, Marx JA, Drury LR. Complications of intravenous phenytoin for acute treatment of seizures. Recommendations for usage. JAMA. Feb 11 1983;249(6):762-5. [Medline].
Goldfrank L, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA. Anticonvulsants -- phenytoin. In: Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994:591-4.
Goldfrank L, Flomenbaum NE, Lewis NA, eds. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998.
Jones GL, Wimbish GH. Hydantoins in antiepileptic drugs. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1985:725-65.
Levine M, Chang T. Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin. In: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Vol 19. 1990:341-58.
Murphy JM, Motiwala R, Devinsky O. Phenytoin intoxication. South Med J. Oct 1991;84(10):1199-204. [Medline].
Plenge KL. The toxicity of the major anticonvulsants. Ariz Med. Mar 1978;35(3):177-9. [Medline].
Prosser TR, Lander RD. Phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Pharm. Sep 1987;6(9):728-34. [Medline].
Ramsay RE, Hammond EJ, Perchalski RJ, Wilder BJ. Brain uptake of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam. Arch Neurol. Sep 1979;36(9):535-9. [Medline].
Salem RB, Wilder BJ, Yost RL, et al. Rapid infusion of phenytoin sodium loading doses. Am J Hosp Pharm. Mar 1981;38(3):354-7. [Medline].
Tintinalli J, Ruiz E, Krome R. Phenytoin toxicity. In: Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996:807-11.
Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC Jr, Youniss J, Reid N. 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 2004;22(5):335-404. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Yaari Y, Selzer ME, Pincus JH. Phenytoin: mechanisms of its anticonvulsant action. Ann Neurol. Aug 1986;20(2):171-84. [Medline].

