Toxaphene Toxicity Differential Diagnoses

  • Author: Girish Sethuraman, MD, MPH; Chief Editor: Asim Tarabar, MD   more...
 
Updated: Feb 9, 2011
 
 

Differential Diagnoses

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Girish Sethuraman, MD, MPH  Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine

Girish Sethuraman, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, American Public Health Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Christopher I Doty, MD, FACEP, FAAEM  Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Residency Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center

Christopher I Doty, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Miguel C Fernandez, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FACMT, FACCT  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery/Emergency Medicine and Toxicology, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio; Medical and Managing Director, South Texas Poison Center

Miguel C Fernandez, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FACMT, FACCT is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Clinical Toxicologists, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD  Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart and St Joseph's Hospitals

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Fred Harchelroad, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP  Director of Medical Toxicology, Allegheny General Hospital

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John D Halamka, MD, MS  Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Asim Tarabar, MD  Assistant Professor, Director, Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  2. Goodman JI, Brusick DJ, Busey WM, et al. Reevaluation of the cancer potency factor of toxaphene: recommendations from a peer review panel. Toxicol Sci. May 2000;55(1):3-16. [Medline].

  3. Amdur MO, Doull J, Klaassen CD. Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 4th ed. Pergamon Press; 1991:573-80.

  4. Casida JE, Holmstead RL, Khalifa S, et al. Toxaphene insecticide: a complex biodegradable mixture. Science. Feb 8 1974;183(124):520-1. [Medline].

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  9. Haun EC, Cueto C Jr. Fatal toxaphene poisoning in a 9-month-old infant. Am J Dis Child. May 1967;113(5):616-9. [Medline].

  10. Hayes AW. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. In: Principles and Methods of Toxicology. Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1989:138-40.

  11. Holland MG. Insecticides: Organic chlorines, pyrethrins/pyrethroids, and DEET. In: Goldfrank L, ed. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006:1523-35.

  12. Hooper NK, Ames BN, Saleh MA, Casida JE. Toxaphene, a complex mixture of polychloroterpenes and a major insecticide, is mutagenic. Science. Aug 10 1979;205(4406):591-3. [Medline].

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  14. Maitai CK, Kamau JA, Gacuhi DM, Njoroge S. An outbreak of arsenic and toxaphene poisoning in Kenyan cattle. Vet Rec. Feb 15 1975;96(7):151-2. [Medline].

  15. Mount ME, Traffas V, Milleret RJ, Oehme FW. An unusual occurrence of toxaphene poisoning in swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. Sep 1 1980;177(5):445-7. [Medline].

  16. Peavy GM. The use of diazepam and methocarbamol in the treatment of toxaphene poisoning in a Bengal tiger. J Am Vet Med Assoc. Oct 1 1975;167(7):577-8. [Medline].

  17. Purdue MP, Hoppin JA, Blair A, Dosemeci M, Alavanja MC. Occupational exposure to organochlorine insecticides and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. Feb 1 2007;120(3):642-9. [Medline].

  18. Simpson WM, Schuman SH. Recognition and management of acute pesticide poisoning. Am Fam Physician. Apr 15 2002;65(8):1599-604. [Medline].

  19. Turkington C. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides - toxaphene. In: Poisons and Antidotes. NY: Facts on File;1994:67-8, 289-90.

  20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile of Toxaphene. 1996.

  21. Whitson RS, Crowder LA. Ion movements in the nervous system of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), influenced by toxaphene. J Environ Sci Health. 1979;14(5):545-62. [Medline].

 
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