Hydrocarbon Toxicity Medication
- Author: Michael D Levine, MD; Chief Editor: Asim Tarabar, MD more...
Medication Summary
Medications are used for treatment of hydrocarbon-induced ventricular dysrhythmias.
Antiarrhythmic Agent, Class II
Class Summary
These agents inhibit chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilatory response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Propranolol (Betachron E-R, Inderal, InnoPran XL)
Class II antiarrhythmic, nonselective, beta-adrenergic, receptor blocker with membrane-stabilizing activity that decreases automaticity of contractions.
Effective for treating aggression resulting from head injury. Also used for reducing restlessness and disinhibition. Treatment for persistent agitation and aggression in organic brain syndromes.
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Short-acting IV cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker with no membrane depressant activity. Half-life of 8 min allows for titration to effect and quick discontinuation prn.
Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2009 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). Dec 2010;48(10):979-1178. [Medline].
Seymour FK, Henry JA. Assessment and management of acute poisoning by petroleum products. Hum Exp Toxicol. Nov 2001;20(11):551-62. [Medline].
Lifshitz M, Sofer S, Gorodischer R. Hydrocarbon poisoning in children: a 5-year retrospective study. Wilderness Environ Med. 2003;14(2):78-82. [Medline].
Gross P, McNerney JM, Babyak MA. Kerosene pneumonitis: an experimental study with small doses. Am Rev Respir Dis. Nov 1963;88:656-63. [Medline].
Rodricks A, Satyanarayana M, D'Souza GA, Ramachandran P. Turpentine-induced chemical pneumonitis with broncho-pleural fistula. J Assoc Physicians India. Jul 2003;51:729-30. [Medline].
Borne J, Riascos R, Cuellar H, Vargas D, Rojas R. Neuroimaging in drug and substance abuse part II: opioids and solvents. Top Magn Reson Imaging. Jun 2005;16(3):239-45. [Medline].
Filley CM, Halliday W, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. The effects of toluene on the central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. Jan 2004;63(1):1-12. [Medline].
Garrettson LK. n-Hexane and 2-Hexanone. In: Sullivan JB, Krieger GR, eds. Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposure. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001:1211-14; chap110.
Klein BL, Simon JE. Hydrocarbon poisonings. Pediatr Clin North Am. Apr 1986;33(2):411-9. [Medline].
Palmer RB, Phillips SD. Chlorinated hydrocarbons. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007:1347-61.
Algren JT, Rodgers GC Jr. Intravascular hemolysis associated with hydrocarbon poisoning. Pediatr Emerg Care. Feb 1992;8(1):34-5. [Medline].
Anderson CE, Loomis GA. Recognition and prevention of inhalant abuse. Am Fam Physician. Sep 1 2003;68(5):869-74. [Medline].
Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Heard SE. 2007 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). Dec 2008;46(10):927-1057. [Medline]. [Full Text].

