Plant Poisoning, Hemlock: Multimedia

References

1. Uwai K, Ohashi K, Takaya Y. Exploring the structural basis of neurotoxicity in C(17)-polyacetylenes isolated from water hemlock. J Med Chem. Nov 16 2000;43(23):4508-15. [Medline].

2. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al. 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 2004;22(5):335-404. [Medline].

3. Ellenhorn MJ. Poison hemlock (Conium Maculatum). In: Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology. 2^nd ed. Williams and Wilkins; 1997:1841, 1871.

4. Furbee B, Wermuth M. Life-threatening plant poisoning. Crit Care Clin. Oct 1997;13(4):849-88. [Medline].

5. Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, et al, eds. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 6^th ed. Appleton & Lange; 1998:2, 318, 338, 1246, 1252-3.

6. Hopkins J. The glycoalkaloids: naturally of interest (but a hot potato?). Food Chem Toxicol. Apr 1995;33(4):323-8. [Medline].

7. Krenzelok EP, Jacobsen TD. Plant exposures ... a national profile of the most common plant genera. Vet Hum Toxicol. Aug 1997;39(4):248-9. [Medline].

8. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Caravati EM. 1998 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 1999;17(5):435-87. [Medline].

9. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Dyer KS. 1997 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 1998;16(5):443-97. [Medline].

10. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S. 1999 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 2000;18(5):517-74. [Medline].

11. Lopez TA, Cid MS, Bianchini ML. Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review. Toxicon. Jun 1999;37(6):841-65. [Medline].

12. Olson KR. Hemlock. In: Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 3^rd ed. Appleton & Lange; 1999:22, 25, 30, 265-74.

13. Panter KE, James LF, Gardner DR. Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock. J Nat Toxins. Feb 1999;8(1):117-34. [Medline].

14. Reynolds T. Hemlock alkaloids from Socrates to poison aloes. Phytochemistry. 2005;66(12):1399-1406. [Medline].

15. Vetter J. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Food Chem Toxicol. Sep 2004;42(9):1373-82. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

hemlock, plant poison hemlock, poison hemlock, Conium maculatum, C maculatum, water hemlock, Cicuta maculata, C maculata, plant ingestion, Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot, fool's parsley

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Daniel E Brooks, MD, Attending Physician, Department of Medical Toxicology, Co-Medical Director, Banner Poison Center, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center
Daniel E Brooks, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and American College of Medical Toxicology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

David A Peak, MD, Assistant Residency Director of Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital; Consulting Staff, Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
David A Peak, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD, Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart & St. Joseph's Hospitals
John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Michael Hodgman, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bassett Healthcare
Michael Hodgman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Medical Toxicology, American College of Physicians, Medical Society of the State of New York, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Asim Tarabar, MD, Assistant Professor, Director, Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.