CBRNE - T-2 Mycotoxins Differential Diagnoses

  • Author: Chan W Park, MD; Chief Editor: Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP   more...
 
Updated: Jul 9, 2010
 
 

Differential Diagnoses

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Chan W Park, MD  Attending Physician, Research Coordinator, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth

Chan W Park, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Kevin Scott Koehler, MD  Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael R Melia, MD  Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia

Michael R Melia, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lanny F Littlejohn, MD  Staff Emergency Physician and Medical Director for Tactical Combat Casualty Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia

Lanny F Littlejohn, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Special Operations Medical Association, and Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thomas M Stein, MD, FACEP  Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania-Hahnemann University; Medical Director, Emergency Medical Support Services and LifeFlight, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital

Thomas M Stein, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, National Association of EMS Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Jerry L Mothershead, MD  Medical Readiness Consultant, Medical Readiness and Response Group, Battelle Memorial Institute; Advisor, Technical Advisory Committee, Emergency Management Strategic Healthcare Group, Veteran's Health Administration; Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Jerry L Mothershead, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and National Association of EMS Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine

Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Rick Kulkarni, MD  Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital

Rick Kulkarni, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: WebMD Salary Employment

John D Halamka, MD, MS  Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP  Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F Edward Hebert School of Medicine; Associate Director, Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine

Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, American Telemedicine Association, and Association of Military Surgeons of the US

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  12. Schieffer HB. Facts, not Rhetoric, on Yellow Rain. Nature. July 1983;304:10.

  13. Henghold WB 2nd. Other biologic toxin bioweapons: ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and trichothecene mycotoxins. Dermatol Clin. Jul 2004;22(3):257-62, v. [Medline].

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  17. Pestka JJ, Yike I, Dearborn DG, Ward MD, Harkema JR. Stachybotrys chartarum, trichothecene mycotoxins, and damp building-related illness: new insights into a public health enigma. Toxicol Sci. Jul 2008;104(1):4-26. [Medline].

  18. Schoenthal. Mycotoxins in food and the plague of Athens. Journal of Nutritional Medicine. 1994;4:83-85.

  19. Dohnal V, Jezkova A, Jun D, Kuca K. Metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin. Curr Drug Metab. Jan 2008;9(1):77-82. [Medline].

  20. Zapor M, Fishbain JT. Aerosolized biologic toxins as agents of warfare and terrorism. Respir Care Clin N Am. Mar 2004;10(1):111-22. [Medline].

  21. Wannemacher RW. Dermal toxicity of T-2 toxin in guinea pigs, rats and cynomolgus monkeys. Tricothecenes and Other Mycotoxins. 1985;423-432.

  22. Fricke RF, Jorge J. Assessment of efficacy of activated charcoal for treatment of acute T-2 toxin poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(4):421-31. [Medline].

  23. Shohami E, Wisotsky B, Kempski O, Feuerstein G. Therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in T-2 toxicosis. Pharm Res. Dec 1987;4(6):527-30. [Medline].

  24. Poppenga RH, Lundeen GR, Beasley VR, Buck WB. Assessment of a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment of acute T-2 toxicosis in swine. Vet Hum Toxicol. Jun 1987;29(3):237-9. [Medline].

  25. Tucker JB. Mycotoxins and Gulf War Illness: A Possible Link [The National Gulf War Resource Center Web site]. The National Gulf War Resource Center. Available at http://www.ngwrc.org/. Accessed 2001.

 
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Chemical Terrorism Agents and Syndromes. Signs and symptoms. Chart courtesy of North Carolina Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology (SPICE), copyright University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, www.unc.edu/depts/spice/chemical.html.
 
 
 
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