Chloropicrin Poisoning Follow-up
- Author: Kermit D Huebner, MD, FACEP; Chief Editor: Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP more...
Further Inpatient Care
- Signs of pulmonary edema may not be evident early after exposure. Observation for 24-48 hours for progression or worsening of symptoms is recommended.[5]
Patient Education
- For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicine's Bioterrorism and Warfare Center. Also, see eMedicine's patient education articles Chemical Warfare and Personal Protective Equipment.
O'Malley MA, Edmiston S, Richmond D, Ibarra M, Barry T, Smith M, et al. Illness associated with drift of chloropicrin soil fumigant into a residential area--Kern County, California, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Aug 20 2004;53(32):740-2. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Honda H, Kawashima T, Kaku N, Kawasaki K. [A case of fatal chloropicrine poisoning induced by ingestion]. Chudoku Kenkyu. Oct 2002;15(4):381-4. [Medline].
Gonmori K, Muto H, Yamamoto T, Takahashi K. A case of homicidal intoxication by chloropicrin. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. Jun 1987;8(2):135-8. [Medline].
Prudhomme JC, Bhatia R, Nutik JM, Shusterman DJ. Chest wall pain and possible rhabdomyolysis after chloropicrin exposure. A case series. J Occup Environ Med. Jan 1999;41(1):17-22. [Medline].
Material Safety Data Sheet - Lacrythor Fumigation Warning Agent. Revised October 2006. Material Safety Data Sheet. Available at http://forthor.com/labels/chloropicrin/pic_MSDS.pdf. Accessed January 1, 2008.
Goldman LR, Mengle D, Epstein DM, Fredson D, Kelly K, Jackson RJ. Acute symptoms in persons residing near a field treated with the soil fumigants methyl bromide and chloropicrin. West J Med. Jul 1987;147(1):95-8. [Medline].
Harber LF. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War. 1986:15-40.
HoltraChem Manufacturing Company, LLC. Material Safety Data Sheet, Chloropicrin. July 30, 1996; revised February 28, 2000.
McEvoy GK, Litvak K, Welsh, Jr. OH. AHFS 96 Drug Information. 1996;861-864, 2654-2657.
Smart JK. History of chemical and biological warfare fact sheets. In: Special Study 50; US Army Chemical and Biologic Defense Command. 1996.
Tintinalli JE. Emergency medicine. JAMA. Jun 19 1996;275(23):1804-5. [Medline].
Wilhelm SN, Sheipier K, Lawrence H. Environmental fate of chloropicrin. In: Fumigants: Environmental Fate, Exposure, and Analysis. 1996.
| 1 ppm* | Irritation with pain in the eyes |
| 4 ppm | Incapacitates exposed individuals |
| 20 ppm | Causes definite bronchial or pulmonary lesions |
| *Concentrations expressed in parts of material per million parts of air or water. | |

