CBRNE - Lung-Damaging Agents, Chloropicrin: Multimedia

References

1. O'Malley MA, Edmiston S, Richmond D, Ibarra M, Barry T, Smith M, et al. Illness associated with drift of chloropicrin soil fumigant into a residential area--Kern County, California, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Aug 20 2004;53(32):740-2. [Medline]. [Full Text].

2. Honda H, Kawashima T, Kaku N, Kawasaki K. [A case of fatal chloropicrine poisoning induced by ingestion]. Chudoku Kenkyu. Oct 2002;15(4):381-4. [Medline].

3. Gonmori K, Muto H, Yamamoto T, Takahashi K. A case of homicidal intoxication by chloropicrin. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. Jun 1987;8(2):135-8. [Medline].

4. Prudhomme JC, Bhatia R, Nutik JM, Shusterman DJ. Chest wall pain and possible rhabdomyolysis after chloropicrin exposure. A case series. J Occup Environ Med. Jan 1999;41(1):17-22. [Medline].

5. Material Safety Data Sheet - Lacrythor Fumigation Warning Agent. Revised October 2006. Material Safety Data Sheet. Available at http://forthor.com/labels/chloropicrin/pic_MSDS.pdf. Accessed January 1, 2008.

6. Goldman LR, Mengle D, Epstein DM, Fredson D, Kelly K, Jackson RJ. Acute symptoms in persons residing near a field treated with the soil fumigants methyl bromide and chloropicrin. West J Med. Jul 1987;147(1):95-8. [Medline].

7. Harber LF. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War. 1986:15-40.

8. HoltraChem Manufacturing Company, LLC. Material Safety Data Sheet, Chloropicrin. July 30, 1996; revised February 28, 2000.

9. McEvoy GK, Litvak K, Welsh, Jr. OH. AHFS 96 Drug Information. 1996;861-864, 2654-2657.

10. Smart JK. History of chemical and biological warfare fact sheets. In: Special Study 50; US Army Chemical and Biologic Defense Command. 1996.

11. Tintinalli JE. Emergency medicine. JAMA. Jun 19 1996;275(23):1804-5. [Medline].

12. Wilhelm SN, Sheipier K, Lawrence H. Environmental fate of chloropicrin. In: Fumigants: Environmental Fate, Exposure, and Analysis. 1996.

Further Reading

Keywords

nitrochloroform, nitrotrichloromethane, chemical warfare agent, biocidal agent, fungicidal agent, chloropicrin inhalation, chloropicrin exposure, chloropicrin ingestion, contact with chloropicrin, lacrimator, chloropicrin toxicity, lung-damaging agents, lung damaging agents, terrorism

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Kermit D Huebner, MD, FACEP, Research Director, Carl R Darnall Army Medical Center
Kermit D Huebner, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Society of USAF Flight Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

David N Trickey, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carl R Darnall Army Medical Center
David N Trickey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, and Emergency Medicine Residents Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Mark Keim, MD, Senior Science Advisor, Office of the Director, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Mark Keim, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians
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CME Editor

John D Halamka, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
John D Halamka, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Chief Editor

Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F Edward Hebert School of Medicine; Associate Director, Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine
Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, and Association of Military Surgeons of the US
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