Nasolacrimal System Anatomy: Multimedia

References

1. Hartikainen J, Aho HJ, Seppa H. Lacrimal bone thickness at the lacrimal sac fossa. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. Aug 1996;27(8):679-84. [Medline].

2. Kurihashi K, Imada M, Yamashita A. Anatomical analysis of the human lacrimal drainage pathway under an operating microscope. Int Ophthalmol. Nov 1991;15(6):411-6. [Medline].

3. Muller KM, Busse H, Osmers F. Anatomy of the naso-lacrimal duct in new-borns: therapeutic considerations. Eur J Pediatr. Sep 8 1978;129(2):83-92. [Medline].

4. Russell EJ, Czervionke L, Huckman M. CT of the inferomedial orbit and the lacrimal drainage apparatus: normal and pathologic anatomy. Am J Roentgenol. Dec 1985;145(6):1147-54. [Medline].

5. Sevel D. Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Sep-Oct 1981;18(5):13-9. [Medline].

6. Tucker NA, Tucker SM, Linberg JV. The anatomy of the common canaliculus. Arch Ophthalmol. Oct 1996;114(10):1231-4. [Medline].

7. Yung MW, Logan BM. The anatomy of the lacrimal bone at the lateral wall of the nose: its significance to the lacrimal surgeon. Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. August 1999;24(4):262-5. [Medline].

8. Ipek E, Esin K, Amac K, Mustafa G, Candan A. Morphological and morphometric evaluation of lacrimal groove. Anatomical Science International. December 2007;82(4):207-10. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

nasolacrimal system anatomy, lacrimal drainage apparatus, tear drainage, tear system, tear duct, nasolacrimal duct, nasolacrimal drainage system, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Bobbie Parwar, MD, MS, Staff Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center
Bobbie Parwar, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

John Tong, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles Jules Stein Eye Institute
John Tong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American College of Surgeons, and American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Julian D Perry, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Julian D Perry, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Spinal Injury Association, and North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Daniel G Becker, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
Daniel G Becker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Dominique Dorion, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Program Director and Division Chair, Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position