Nose Anatomy: Multimedia

References

1. Hengerer AS, Oas RE. Congenital anomalies of the nose: Their embryology, diagnosis, and management (SIPAC). Alexandria, Va: American Academy of Otolaryngology; 1987.

2. Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Khammar T, Khammar M. Anthropometric measurements of the external nose in 18-25-year-old Sistani and Baluch aborigine women in the southeast of Iran. Folia Morphol (Warsz). May 2009;68(2):88-92. [Medline].

3. Burget GC, Menick FJ. The subunit principle in nasal reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 1985;76(2):239-47. [Medline].

4. Ballenger JJ. The clinical anatomy and physiology of the nose and accessory sinuses. In: Ballenger JJ, ed. Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger;1977: 1-22.

5. Farrior RT. Rhinoplasty. In: Naumann HH, ed. Head and Neck Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Pitfalls. Vol I. Stuttgart: Thieme Medical Publishers;1980: 173-218.

6. Hendrick DA. Rhinoplasty. In: Jafek BW, Stark AK, eds. ENT Secrets. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus;1996: 254-61.

7. Jafek BW. Anatomy and physiology of the nose. In: Jafek BW, Stark AK, eds. ENT Secrets. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus;1996: 77-83.

8. Jafek BW, Dodson BT. Nasal obstruction. In: Bailey BJ, et al, eds. Head and Neck Surgery--Otolaryngology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven;1998: 371-7.

9. Leach J. Reconstruction of Nasal Tissue Deficits (SIPAC). American Academy of Otolaryngology; 1998:14-27.

10. Leipzig B, Snyderman NL. Management of the Nasal Mass (SIPAC). Alexandria, Va: American Academy of Otolaryngology;1986.

11. Leopold D, Cummings CW. Physiology of olfaction. In: Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. 3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book;1998: 770-97.

12. McCaffrey TV, Remington WJ. Nasal function and evaluation. In: Bailey BJ, et al eds. Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven;1998: 333-8.

13. Mirza N, Lanza DC. The nasal airway and obstructed breathing during sleep. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. Apr 1999;32(2):243-62. [Medline].

14. Staffel JG. Basic Principles of Rhinoplasy. Alexandria, Va:. American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery;1996: 1-6.

15. Tardy ME, Brown RJ. Surgical Anatomy of the Nose. New York:. Lippincott-Raven;1990: 1-98.

16. Thorek P. Anatomy in Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven;1962.

17. Witte MC, Neel B. Nasopharyngeal cancer. In: Byron J. Bailey's Head & Neck Surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Wilkins & Wilkins,. 1637-53.

Further Reading

Keywords

nose, nose anatomy, anatomy, nasal anatomy, nasal embryology, nasal structure, nasal analysis, nasal subunits, cartilaginous pyramid

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Edward W Chang, MD, DDS, Consulting Staff, Department of Cosmetic Services, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California at Santa Rosa
Edward W Chang, MD, DDS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, and California Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Chau T Nguyen, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles; Director of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ventura County Medical Center
Chau T Nguyen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Head and Neck Society, American Medical Association, California Medical Association, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Samuel M Lam, MD, FACS, Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery, Presbyterian Hospital of Plano
Samuel M Lam, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Eric Moore, MD, Residency Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
Eric Moore, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, and American Rhinologic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Dominique Dorion, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Program Director and Division Chair, Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position