Lips and Perioral Region Anatomy: Multimedia

References

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2. Dingman RO, Grabb WC. Surgical anatomy of the mandibular ramus of the facial nerve based on the dissection of 100 facial halves. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1962;29:266-272.

3. Nelson DW, Gingrass RP. Anatomy of the mandibular branches of the facial nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg. Oct 1979;64(4):479-82. [Medline].

4. Bailey BJ. Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology. 2^nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott- Raven; 1998:1510.

5. Berkovitz BKB, Moxham BK, Brown, MW, et al. A Textbook of Head and Neck Anatomy. London, England: Wolfe Medical Publications; 1988:154-7.

6. Calhoun KH, Stiernberg CM. Surgery of the Lip. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers; 1992:1-9, 13.

7. Freilinger G, Gruber H, Happak W, et al. Surgical anatomy of the mimic muscle system and the facial nerve: importance for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 1987;80(5):686-90. [Medline].

8. Pensler JM, Ward JW, Parry SW. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system in the upper lip: an anatomic study in cadavers. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1985;75(4):488-94. [Medline].

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12. Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1974;53(4):384-7. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

facial muscles, face soft tissue, face, orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomaticus minor, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, platysma

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Babak Jahan-Parwar, MD, Staff Surgeon, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park Medical Center
Babak Jahan-Parwar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Keith Blackwell, MD, Fellowship Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine
Keith Blackwell, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Lanny Garth Close, MD, Chair, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Lanny Garth Close, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Physicians, American Laryngological Association, American Society for Head and Neck Surgery, and New York Academy of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

David W Stepnick, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland Case Medical Center
David W Stepnick, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Head and Neck Surgery, and Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position