Blepharoplasty, Lower Eyelid Laxity: Workup

References

1. Flowers RS. Canthopexy as a routine blepharoplasty component. Clin Plast Surg. Apr 1993;20(2):351-65. [Medline].

2. Jelks GW, Glat PM, Jelks EB, et al. The inferior retinacular lateral canthoplasty: a new technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. Oct 1997;100(5):1262-70; discussion 1271-5. [Medline].

3. Jelks GW, Jelks EB. Repair of lower lid deformities. Clin Plast Surg. Apr 1993;20(2):417-25. [Medline].

4. Jordan DR, Anderson RL. The lateral tarsal strip revisited. The enhanced tarsal strip. Arch Ophthalmol. Apr 1989;107(4):604-6. [Medline].

5. Marsh JL, Edgerton MT. Periosteal pennant lateral canthoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jul 1979;64(1):24-9. [Medline].

6. Murakami CS, Orcutt JC. Treatment of lower eyelid laxity. Facial Plast Surg. Jan 1994;10(1):42-52. [Medline].

Further Reading

For an overall review of complications associated with blepharoplasty, please see the following article:

Morax S, Touitiou V. Complications of Blepharoplasty. Orbit. 2006 Dec;25(4):303-18.

Keywords

plastic surgery, blepharoplasty, lower lid blepharoplasty, pentagonal wedge resection, lateral tarsal strip, dermal obiculare pennant, inferior retinacular lateral canthoplasty, lateral retinacular canthoplasty, lateral canthopexy, eyelid malposition, scleral show, ectropion, horizontal eyelid laxity, anterior lamella vertical deficiency, middle lamella vertical deficiency, posterior lid vertical deficiency, margin reflex distance-2, MRD2, exophthalmos, exophthalmus, big eyes, bulging eyes

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Jefferson K Kilpatrick, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Facial Plastic-Head and Neck Surgery, Pinehurst Surgical Clinic
Jefferson K Kilpatrick, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Keith A LaFerriere, MD, Clinical Professor, Fellowship Director, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Missouri at Columbia
Keith A LaFerriere, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and Missouri State Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS, Consulting Staff, Private Practice
Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Dominique Dorion, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Program Director and Division Chair, Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown