eMedicine Specialties > Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery > Cosmetic Surgery

Genioplasty: Follow-up

Author: Edward W Chang, MD, DDS, Consulting Staff, Department of Cosmetic Services, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California at Santa Rosa
Coauthor(s): Samuel M Lam, MD, FACS, Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery, Presbyterian Hospital of Plano; Edward H Farrior, MD, FACS, Affiliate Associate Professor, Voluntary Faculty, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center; Visiting Clinical Associate Director, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Feb 15, 2008

Outcome and Prognosis

Whether an alloplastic implant or an osseous implant is used, more than 90% of the patients are satisfied with their results. Complications observed with genioplasty are minimal, and benefits are readily evident to both patient and surgeon.

Future and Controversies

In addressing the underprojected chin, alloplastic implants and sliding genioplasty are generally considered equally acceptable. The benefits of the sliding genioplasty include its versatility in correcting chin abnormalities in every dimension and its relative ease of use. For chin reductions, a genioplasty or a direct reduction can result in a better profile. For the mild-to-moderate deficiency of the chin, alloplastic implantation is simple, easy to place, and requires only short operative time. Excellent results are obtainable, surgical time is acceptable, and patient satisfaction can be achieved with both alloplastic implants and sliding genioplasty. Additionally, the protruding chin can be addressed by either the genioplasty or by direct reduction.

The stability and predictability of skeletal surgery has been recently reconfirmed by Proffit and Turvey.3 In addition, more advance mandibular skeletal surgeries have been introduced by Puricelli.4

The authors hope that these techniques are widely taught in residency training programs as methods to achieve a desired cosmetic result of the mentum area.

 


More on Genioplasty

Overview: Genioplasty
Workup: Genioplasty
Treatment: Genioplasty
Follow-up: Genioplasty
Multimedia: Genioplasty
References
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References

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  2. Pearson DC, Sherris DA. Resorption beneath silastic mandibular implants. Effects of placement and pressure. Arch Facial Plast Surg. Oct-Dec 1999;1(4):261-4; discussion 265. [Medline].

  3. Proffit WR, Turvey TA, Phillips C. The hierarchy of stability and predictability in orthognathic surgery with rigid fixation: an update and extension. Head Face Med. 2007;3:21. [Medline].

  4. Puricelli E. A new technique for mandibular osteotomy. Head Face Med. 2007;3:15. [Medline].

  5. Chang EW, Lam SM, Karen M, Donlevy JL. Sliding genioplasty for correction of chin abnormalities. Arch Facial Plast Surg. Jan-Mar 2001;3(1):8-15. [Medline].

  6. Converse JM, Wood-Smith D. Horizontal Osteotomy of the Mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 1964;34:464-71. [Medline].

  7. Frodel JL, Sykes JM. Chin augmentation/genioplasty: chin deformities in the aging patient. Facial Plast Surg. Jul 1996;12(3):279-83. [Medline].

  8. Gilles HD, Millard DR Jr. The Principles and Art of Plastic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;1957.

  9. Grayson BH. Cephalometric analysis for the surgeon. Clin Plast Surg. Oct 1989;16(4):633-44. [Medline].

  10. Gross EJ, Hamilton MM, Ackermann K, Perkins SW. Mersilene mesh chin augmentation. A 14-year experience. Arch Facial Plast Surg. Jul-Sep 1999;1(3):183-9; discussion 190. [Medline].

  11. Guyuron B, Kadi JS. Problems following genioplasty. Diagnosis and treatment. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1997;24(3):507-14. [Medline].

  12. Guyuron B, Raszewski RL. A critical comparison of osteoplastic and alloplastic augmentation genioplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. Summer 1990;14(3):199-206. [Medline].

  13. Hofer D. Operation der prognathie und mikogenie. Dtsch Zahn Mund Kieferheikd. 1942;121.

  14. Kelly JP, Malik S, Stucki-McCormick SU. Tender swelling of the chin 40 years after genioplasty [clinical conference]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Feb 2000;58(2):203-6. [Medline].

  15. Rosen HM. Aesthetic guidelines in genioplasty: the role of facial disproportion. Plast Reconstr Surg. Mar 1995;95(3):463-9; discussion 470-2. [Medline].

  16. Rosen HM. Osseous genioplasty. In: Grabb and Smith's Plastic Surgery. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md:. Lippincott-Raven;1997:705-710.

  17. Schoenrock LD, Papel ID, Nachlas NE. Chin and malar augmentation. Facial Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;226-232.

  18. Sykes J, Frodel J. Genioplasty. OP Tech Otolaryng. 1995;6:319.

  19. Van Sickels JE, Smith CV, Tiner BD, Jones DL. Hard and soft tissue predictability with advancement genioplasties. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. Mar 1994;77(3):218-21. [Medline].

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Further Reading

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Keywords

genioplasty, mentoplasty, alloplastic implant of the chin, osseous movement of the chin, sliding genioplasty, alloplastic augmentation, mentum reduction, chin implant, chin augmentation, chin reduction

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Edward W Chang, MD, DDS, Consulting Staff, Department of Cosmetic Services, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California at Santa Rosa
Edward W Chang, MD, DDS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, and California Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Samuel M Lam, MD, FACS, Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery, Presbyterian Hospital of Plano
Samuel M Lam, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Edward H Farrior, MD, FACS, Affiliate Associate Professor, Voluntary Faculty, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center; Visiting Clinical Associate Director, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia
Edward H Farrior, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and Florida Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS, Consulting Staff, Private Practice
Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Consulting

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

David W Stepnick, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland Case Medical Center
David W Stepnick, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Head and Neck Surgery, and Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position

 
 
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