eMedicine Specialties > Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery > External Ear Diseases
External Ear, Aural Atresia: Multimedia
Updated: Nov 25, 2008
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Grade I microtia. |
![]() | Media file 2: Stahl ear deformity with third crus. |
![]() | Media file 3: A: Grade II microtia. B: Grade III microtia. |
![]() | Media file 4: Hemifacial microsomia with microtia. |
![]() | Media file 6: Named landmarks of the normal auricle. |
![]() | Media file 7: Silastic-Dacron alloplastic implant. |
![]() | Media file 8: Instruments used for carving costal cartilage. |
![]() | Media file 9: A: Template of auricle for carving. B: Costal cartilage assembled into an auricle. |
![]() | Media file 10: Microdrains in place. |
![]() | Media file 11: Lobule transfer. |
![]() | Media file 12: A: Stage III, skin incision for ear elevation. B: Wedge of cartilage placed as buttress graft for projection support. C: Skin graft in position. |
![]() | Media file 13: A: Stage IV, composite graft for tragal reconstruction. B: Shadow created by tragus. |
![]() | Media file 14: Exposed cartilage. |
![]() | Media file 15: Tissue-engineered cartilage for potential microtia repair. |
More on External Ear, Aural Atresia |
| Overview: External Ear, Aural Atresia |
| Workup: External Ear, Aural Atresia |
| Treatment: External Ear, Aural Atresia |
| Follow-up: External Ear, Aural Atresia |
Multimedia: External Ear, Aural Atresia |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
McDowell F. The classic reprint. Ancient ear-lobe and rhinoplastic operations in India. Plast Reconstr Surg. May 1969;43(5):515-22. [Medline].
Gillies H. Plastic Surgery of the Face. London: 1920.
Gillies H. Reconstruction of the external ear with special reference to the use of maternal ear cartilages as the supporting structure. Rev Chir Structive. 1937;7:169.
Tanzer RC. Reconstructive Plastic Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1977.
Brent B. Technical advances in ear reconstruction with autogenous rib cartilage grafts: personal experience with 1200 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 1999;104(2):319-34; discussion 335-8. [Medline].
Marx H. Dies Missbildungen des Ohres. In: Denker A, Kahler O, eds. Handbuch der Hals-Nasen und Ohrenheilkunde: Bd VI. 1026. 131-169.
Weerda H. Classification of congenital deformities of the auricle. Facial Plast Surg. Oct 1988;5(5):385-8. [Medline].
Aguilar EA 3rd, Jahrsdoerfer RA. The surgical repair of congenital microtia and atresia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jun 1988;98(6):600-6. [Medline].
Fukuda O, Yamada A. Reconstruction of the microtic ear with autogenous cartilage. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1978;5(3):351-66. [Medline].
Song Y, Song Y. An improved one-stage total ear reconstruction procedure. Plast Reconstr Surg. May 1983;71(5):615-23. [Medline].
Brent B. Auricular repair with autogenous rib cartilage grafts: two decades of experience with 600 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. Sep 1992;90(3):355-74; discussion 375-6. [Medline].
Peer LA. Reconstruction of the auricle with diced cartilage grafts in a Vitallium ear mold. Plast Reconstr Surg. 3:653.
Aase JM, Tegtmeier RE. Microtia in New Mexico: evidence for multifactorial causation. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1977;13(3A):113-6. [Medline].
Aguilar EF 3rd. Auricular reconstruction of congenital microtia (grade III). Laryngoscope. Dec 1996;106(12 Pt 2 Suppl 82):1-26. [Medline].
Bennun RD, Mulliken JB, Kaban LB, et al. Microtia: a microform of hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg. Dec 1985;76(6):859-65. [Medline].
Britt JC, Park SS. Autogenous tissue-engineered cartilage: evaluation as an implant material. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jun 1998;124(6):671-7. [Medline].
Cao Y, Vacanti JP, Paige KT, et al. Transplantation of chondrocytes utilizing a polymer-cell construct to produce tissue-engineered cartilage in the shape of a human ear. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 1997;100(2):297-302; discussion 303-4. [Medline].
Davis J. Auricle reconstruction. In: Saad MN, Lichtveld P, eds. Reviews in Plastic Surgery: General Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1994:109-140.
Eavey RD, Monroy A, Nicolau Y, et al. Microtia repair: the case for surgical reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Nov 2006;64(11):1655-63. [Medline].
Farkas LG. Anthropometry of normal and anomalous ears. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1978;5(3):401-12. [Medline].
Farkas LG. Growth of normal and reconstructed auricles. In: Tanzer RC, Edgerton MT, eds. Symposium on Reconstruction of the Auricle. 1974:24-31.
Firmin F. Ear reconstruction in cases of typical microtia. Personal experience based on 352 microtic ear corrections. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. Mar 1998;32(1):35-47. [Medline].
Fukuda O. The microtic ear: survey of 180 cases in 180 cases in 10 years. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1974;53(4):458-63. [Medline].
Gion GG. Surgical versus prosthetic reconstruction of microtia: the case for prosthetic reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Nov 2006;64(11):1639-54. [Medline].
Jahrsdoerfer RA, Kesser BW. Issues on aural atresia for the facial plastic surgeon. Facial Plast Surg. Oct 1995;11(4):274-7. [Medline].
Jahrsdoerfer RA, Yeakley JW, Aguilar EA, et al. Grading system for the selection of patients with congenital aural atresia. Am J Otol. Jan 1992;13(1):6-12. [Medline].
Kaye CI, Rollnick BR, Hauck WW, et al. Microtia and associated anomalies: statistical analysis. Am J Med Genet. Dec 1989;34(4):574-8. [Medline].
Lucente FE, Lawson W, Noveck NL. The External Ear. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1995.
Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part I. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for lobule-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1994;93(2):221-30; discussion 267-8. [Medline].
Park C, Mun HY. Use of an expanded temporoparietal fascial flap technique for total auricular reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 2006;118(2):374-82. [Medline].
Park SS, Wang TD. Temporoparietal fascial flap in auricular reconstruction. Facial Plast Surg. Oct 1995;11(4):330-7. [Medline].
Quatela VC, Goldman ND. Microtia repair. Facial Plast Surg. Oct 1995;11(4):257-73. [Medline].
Rueckert F, Brown FE. Microtia. In: Stark RB, ed. Plastic Surgery of the Head and Neck. NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1987.
Tai Y, Tanaka S, Fukushima J, et al. Refinements in the elevation of reconstructed auricles in microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jun 2006;117(7):2414-23. [Medline].
Trigg DJ, Applebaum EL. Indications for the surgical repair of unilateral aural atresia in children. Am J Otol. Sep 1998;19(5):679-84; discussion 684-6. [Medline].
Williams JD, Romo T 3rd, Sclafani AP, et al. Porous high-density polyethylene implants in auricular reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jun 1997;123(6):578-83. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
aural atresia, auricular atresia, congenital auricular deformity, small auricle, microtia, anotia, lop ear, cup ear, Stahl ear, peanut ear, anotic ear, peanut deformity, hypoplasia, hypoplastic ear, prominent ear, hemifacial microsomia, Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Franceschetti syndrome, oculoauricular vertebral dysplasia, ear deformity, aural atresia, ear reconstruction






























Multimedia: External Ear, Aural Atresia