Achilles Tendonitis Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Laura M Gottschlich, DO; Chief Editor: Sherwin SW Ho, MD more...
Keene JS. Tendon injuries of the foot and ankle. In: DeLee JC, Drez D, eds. Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1994:1788-94.
Saltzman C, Bonar S. Tendon problems of the foot and ankle. In: Lutter LD, Mizel MS, Pfeffer GB, eds. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Foot and Ankle. Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1994:236-73.
Wheaton MT, Molnar TJ. Overuse injuries of the lower extremities. In: Griffin, LY, ed. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Sports Medicine. Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1994:225-7.
Puddu G, Ippolito E, Postacchini F. A classification of Achilles tendon disease. Am J Sports Med. Jul-Aug 1976;4(4):145-50. [Medline].
Schepsis AA, Jones H, Haas AL. Achilles tendon disorders in athletes. Am J Sports Med. Mar-Apr 2002;30(2):287-305. [Medline].
Saltzman CL, Tearse DS. Achilles tendon injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Sep-Oct 1998;6(5):316-25. [Medline].
Kvist M. Achilles tendon injuries in athletes. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1991;80(2):188-201. [Medline].
Lysholm J, Wiklander J. Injuries in runners. Am J Sports Med. Mar-Apr 1987;15(2):168-71. [Medline].
Clement DB, Taunton JE, Smart GW. Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis: etiology and treatment. Am J Sports Med. May-Jun 1984;12(3):179-84. [Medline].
James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. Mar-Apr 1978;6(2):40-50. [Medline].
Clancy WG Jr, Neidhart D, Brand RL. Achilles tendonitis in runners: a report of five cases. Am J Sports Med. Mar-Apr 1976;4(2):46-57. [Medline].
Van Ginckel A, Thijs Y, Hesar NG, Mahieu N, De Clercq D, Roosen P, et al. Intrinsic gait-related risk factors for Achilles tendinopathy in novice runners: a prospective study. Gait Posture. Apr 2009;29(3):387-91. [Medline].
Carr AJ, Norris SH. The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1989;71(1):100-1. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Astrom M, Rausing A. Chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A survey of surgical and histopathologic findings. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jul 1995;316:151-64. [Medline].
Glazebrook MA, Wright JR Jr, Langman M, Stanish WD, Lee JM. Histological analysis of achilles tendons in an overuse rat model. J Orthop Res. Jun 2008;26(6):840-6. [Medline].
Neuhold A, Stiskal M, Kainberger F, Schwaighofer B. Degenerative Achilles tendon disease: assessment by magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. Eur J Radiol. May-Jun 1992;14(3):213-20. [Medline].
Daftary A, Adler RS. Sonographic evaluation and ultrasound-guided therapy of the Achilles tendon. Ultrasound Q. Sep 2009;25(3):103-10. [Medline].
De Zordo T, Chhem R, Smekal V, et al. Real-time sonoelastography: findings in patients with symptomatic Achilles tendons and comparison to healthy volunteers. Ultraschall Med. Nov 27 2009;epub ahead of print. [Medline].
Rees JD, Lichtwark GA, Wolman RL, Wilson AM. The mechanism for efficacy of eccentric loading in Achilles tendon injury; an in vivo study in humans. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 22 2008;epub ahead of print. [Medline].
Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med. May-Jun 1998;26(3):360-6. [Medline].
Reese RC Jr, Burruss TP, Patten J. Athletic training techniques and protective equipment. In: Nicholas JA, Hershman EB, eds. The Lower Extremity & Spine in Sports Medicine. 2nd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1995:267-75.
Sorosky B, Press J, Plastaras C, Rittenberg J. The practical management of Achilles tendinopathy. Clin J Sport Med. Jan 2004;14(1):40-4. [Medline].
Kvist H, Kvist M. The operative treatment of chronic calcaneal paratenonitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Aug 1980;62(3):353-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].
de Jonge S, de Vos RJ, Weir A, van Schie HT, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhaar JA, et al. One-Year Follow-up of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. Aug 2011;39(8):1623-9. [Medline].
Emerson C, Morrissey D, Perry M, Jalan R. Ultrasonographically detected changes in Achilles tendons and self reported symptoms in elite gymnasts compared with controls - an observational study. Man Ther. Jul 28 2009;epub ahead of print. [Medline].
Knobloch K, Schreibmueller L, Kraemer R, et al. Gender and eccentric training in Achilles mid-portion tendinopathy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Dec 9 2009;epub ahead of print. [Medline].
Lake JE, Ishikawa SN. Conservative treatment of achilles tendinopathy: emerging techniques. Foot Ankle Clin. Dec 2009;14(4):663-74. [Medline].
Malliaras P, Richards PJ, Garau G, Maffulli N. Achilles tendon Doppler flow may be associated with mechanical loading among active athletes. Am J Sports Med. Nov 2008;36(11):2210-5. [Medline].
Pearce CJ, Ismail M, Calder JD. Is apoptosis the cause of noninsertional achilles tendinopathy?. Am J Sports Med. Dec 2009;37(12):2440-4. [Medline].

