Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess: Multimedia

References

1. Morens DM. Death of a president. N Engl J Med. Dec 9 1999;341(24):1845-9. [Medline].

2. Kean J. Domestic Medical Lectures. Chicago, Ill: 1879.

3. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Defining and dealing with carriers of group A Streptococci. Contemporary Pediatrics. 2003;1:46.

4. Wald ER. Commentary: Antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis. Pediatrics in Review. 2001;22 (8):255-256.

5. Herzon FS. Harris P. Mosher Award thesis. Peritonsillar abscess: incidence, current management practices, and a proposal for treatment guidelines. Laryngoscope. Aug 1995;105(8 Pt 3 Suppl 74):1-17. [Medline].

6. Kvestad E, Kvaerner KJ, Roysamb E, Tambs K, Harris JR, Magnus P. Heritability of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. May 2005;131(5):383-7. [Medline].

7. Schmidt RJ, Herzog A, Cook S, O'Reilly R, Deutsch E, Reilly J. Complications of tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg. 2007;133:925-928.

8. Woolford TJ, Hanif J, Washband S, Hari CK, Ganguli LA. The effect of previous antibiotic therapy on the bacteriology of the tonsils in children. Int J Clin Pract. Mar 1999;53(2):96-8. [Medline].

9. Bussi M, Carlevato MT, Panizzut B, Omede P, Cortesina G. Are recurrent and chronic tonsillitis different entities? An immunological study with specific markers of inflammatory stages. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1996;523:112-4. [Medline].

10. Shah, Udayan K. Peritonsillar and Retropharyngeal Abscess. In: Shah, Samir S. Pediatric Pracice: Infectious Diseases. China: McGraw-Hill; 2009:Chapter 25, pp. 216-22.

11. Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM Jr, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH. Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a practice guideline. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. Sep 1997;25(3):574-83. [Medline].

12. Shah, Udayan K. Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy: Techniques and Technologies. Madison WI. 2008: Omnipress, Inc. ISBN 978-0-615-23355-0.; 2008.

13. Adam D, Scholz H, Helmerking M. Comparison of short-course (5 day) cefuroxime axetil with a standard 10 day oral penicillin V regimen in the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. Feb 2000;45 Suppl:23-30. [Medline].

14. Agren K, Lindberg K, Samulesson A, Blomberg S, Forsgren J, Rynnel-Dagoo B. What is wrong in chronic adenoiditis/tonsillitis immunological factor. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Oct 5 1999;49 Suppl 1:S137-9. [Medline].

15. Berkovitch M, Vaida A, Zhovtis D, Bar-Yohai A, Earon Y, Boldur I. Group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children less than 2 years of age--more common than is thought. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Jun 1999;38(6):361-3. [Medline].

16. Bisno AL. Acute pharyngitis. N Engl J Med. Jan 18 2001;344(3):205-11. [Medline].

17. Brodsky L. Tonsillitis, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. In: Bailey B, Johnson JT, Kohut RI, Pillsbury HC, Tardy ME Jr, eds. Head and Neck surgery-Otolaryngology. Vol 1. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1993:833-47.

18. Brodsky L, Moore L, Stanievich J. The role of Haemophilus influenzae in the pathogenesis of tonsillar hypertrophy in children. Laryngoscope. Oct 1988;98(10):1055-60. [Medline].

19. Brook I. The role of anaerobic bacteria in tonsillitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Jan 2005;69(1):9-19. [Medline].

20. Brook I, Gober AE. Interference by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in children with recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. May 1999;125(5):552-4. [Medline].

21. Brook I, Yocum P, Foote PA Jr. Changes in the core tonsillar bacteriology of recurrent tonsillitis: 1977-1993. Clin Infect Dis. Jul 1995;21(1):171-6. [Medline].

22. Cannon CR, Chambers A. Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in children. J Miss State Med Assoc. Mar 1999;40(3):78-80. [Medline].

23. Casselbrant ML. What is wrong in chronic adenoiditis/tonsillitis anatomical considerations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Oct 5 1999;49 Suppl 1:S133-5. [Medline].

24. Cohen JI. Epstein-Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med. Aug 17 2000;343(7):481-92. [Medline].

25. Curtin JM. The history of tonsil and adenoid surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. May 1987;20(2):415-9. [Medline].

26. Dhawan B, Chaudhry R, Pandey A, Nisar N, Singh M. Anaerobic septicaemia by Fusobacterium necrophorum: Lemierre's syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. May-Jun 1998;65(3):469-72. [Medline].

27. Gerber MA. Streptococcal infections: Group A B-hemolytic streptococci. In: Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD, eds. Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20^th ed. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 604-9.

28. Handler SD, Myer CM III. Atlas of Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders in Children. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker; 1998:91.

29. Krauss B, Green SM. Sedation and analgesia for procedures in children. N Engl J Med. Mar 30 2000;342(13):938-45. [Medline].

30. Kvestad E, Kvaerner KJ, Roysamb E, Tambs K, Harris JR, Magnus P. Heritability of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. May 2005;131(5):383-7. [Medline].

31. Lan AJ, Colford JM, Colford JM Jr. The impact of dosing frequency on the efficacy of 10-day penicillin or amoxicillin therapy for streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. Feb 2000;105(2):E19. [Medline].

32. Lascaratos J, Assimakopoulos D. Surgery on the larynx and pharynx in Byzantium (AD 324-1453): early scientific descriptions of these operations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Apr 2000;122(4):579-83. [Medline].

33. Licameli GR, Grillone GA. Inferior pole peritonsillar abscess. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Jan 1998;118(1):95-9. [Medline].

34. Lilja M, Silvola J, Bye HM, Raisanen S, Stenfors LE. SIgA- and IgG-coated Streptococcus pyogenes on the tonsillar surfaces during acute tonsillitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1999;119(6):718-23. [Medline].

35. Lomat L, Galburt G, Quastel MR, Polyakov S, Okeanov A, Rozin S. Incidence of childhood disease in Belarus associated with the Chernobyl accident. Environ Health Perspect. Dec 1997;105 Suppl 6:1529-32. [Medline].

36. Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Lucas M, Mata F, Delgado F. Microalbuminuria as renal marker in recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Oct 25 1999;50(2):119-24. [Medline].

37. Manecke GR Jr, Marghoob S, Finzel KC, Madoff DC, Quijano IH, Poppers PJ. Catastrophic caudad spread of a peritonsillar abscess: a case report. Anesthesiology. Dec 1999;91(6):1956-8. [Medline].

38. Martin JM, Green M, Barbadora KA, Wald ER. Group A streptococci among school-aged children: clinical characteristics and the carrier state. Pediatrics. Nov 2004;114(5):1212-9. [Medline].

39. Nord CE. The role of anaerobic bacteria in recurrent episodes of sinusitis and tonsillitis. Clin Infect Dis. Jun 1995;20(6):1512-24. [Medline].

40. Puchalski R, Shah UK. Plasma-mediated ablation for the management of obstructive sleep apnea. In: Anderson R, et al, eds. Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems X. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol 3907. 2000:317-20.

41. Raut VV, Yung MW. Peritonsillar abscess: the rationale for interval tonsillectomy. Ear Nose Throat J. Mar 2000;79(3):206-9. [Medline].

42. Roberson DW, Kirse DJ. Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the neck. In: Wetmore RF, Muntz HR, McGill TJ. Pediatric Otolaryngology: Principles and Practical Pathways. New York, NY: Thieme; 2000:969-991.

43. Robinson AC, Hanif J, Dumbreck LA, Prichard AJ, Manners BT. Throat swabs in chronic tonsillitis: a time-honoured practice best forgotten. Br J Clin Pract. Apr-May 1997;51(3):138-9. [Medline].

44. Sancho LM, Minamoto H, Fernandez A, Sennes LU, Jatene FB. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a retrospective surgical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Aug 1999;16(2):200-5. [Medline].

45. Shah UK, Tufano RP, Handler SD. Post-tonsillectomy observation and admission: Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics. In: an American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) member survey. Paper presented at: Washington, DC; 1999.

46. Skitarelic N, Mladina R, Matulic Z, Kovacic M. Necrotizing fasciitis after peritonsillar abscess in an immunocompetent patient. J Laryngol Otol. Aug 1999;113(8):759-61. [Medline].

47. Smitheringdale AJ. Acquired diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx. In: Wetmore RF, Muntz HR, McGill TJ. Pediatric Otolaryngology: Principles and Practical Pathways. New York, NY: Thieme; 2000:606-18.

48. Stjernquist-Desatnik A, Holst E. Tonsillar microbial flora: comparison of recurrent tonsillitis and normal tonsils. Acta Otolaryngol. Jan 1999;119(1):102-6. [Medline].

49. Suskind DL, Park J, Piccirillo JF, Lusk RP, Muntz HR. Conscious sedation: a new approach for peritonsillar abscess drainage in the pediatric population. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Nov 1999;125(11):1197-200. [Medline].

50. Suzuki M, Ueyama T, Mogi G. Immediate tonsillectomy for peritonsillar abscess. Auris Nasus Larynx. Jul 1999;26(3):299-304. [Medline].

51. Wolf M, Kronenberg J, Kessler A, Modan M, Leventon G. Peritonsillar abscess in children and its indication for tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Nov 1988;16(2):113-7. [Medline].

52. Yoda K, Sata T, Kurata T, Aramaki H. Oropharyngotonsillitis associated with nonprimary Epstein-Barr virus infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Feb 2000;126(2):185-93. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess, tonsillitis, tonsils, peritonsillar abscess, quinsy, acute tonsillitis, recurrent tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, adenotonsillitis, PTA, inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils, lingual tonsillitis, group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes, GABHS, GABHS pharyngitis, adenoidectomy, trismus, quinsy tonsillectomy, abscessed tonsil, bilateral tonsillectomy, sore throat, throat infection, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Udayan K Shah, MD, Associate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Director, Fellow and Resident Education in Pediatric Otolaryngology, Attending Surgeon, Division of Otolaryngology, Nemours-AI duPont Hospital for Children
Udayan K Shah, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Bronchoesophagological Association, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology, International Society for Optical Engineering, Pennsylvania Medical Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Advances in Children
Disclosure: Arthrocare, Inc Consulting fee Consulting; Gyrus-ACMI Consulting fee Consulting

Medical Editor

Ari J Goldsmith, MD, Chief of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Long Island College Hospital; Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
Ari J Goldsmith, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Medical Association, and Medical Society of the State of New York
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Gregory C Allen, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Gregory C Allen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Laryngological Rhinological and Otological Society, American Medical Association, Christian Medical & Dental Society, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position