Middle Ear Function: Multimedia

References

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Further Reading

Keywords

middle ear function, middle ear physiology, tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, tensor tympani muscle, stapedius muscle, auditory threshold, hearing threshold, sound, decibel, dB, sound pressure level, SPL, sound pressure, sound intensity, sound frequency, sound wave, tympanic membrane, oval window, tympanic membrane function, ossicular chain

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Alan D Bruns, MD, FACS, Chief, Department of Surgery, Evans Army Community Hospital; Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Alan D Bruns, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, and Christian Medical & Dental Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael J Ruckenstein, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC, Professor, Residency Program Director, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Michael J Ruckenstein, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey Bedrosian, MD, Resident, Department of Otorhinology, Temple University Medical School
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Carol A Bauer, MD, FACS, Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Carol A Bauer, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Neurological Association, and Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Gerard J Gianoli, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine; Vice President, The Ear and Balance Institute; Chief Executive Officer, Ponchartrain Surgery Center
Gerard J Gianoli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons, and Triological Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Christopher L Slack, MD, Otolaryngology-Facial Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Associated Coastal ENT; Medical Director, Treasure Coast Sleep Disorders
Christopher L Slack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Covidien Corp Consulting fee Consulting; US Tobacco Corporation unstricted gift unknown; Axis Three Corporation Ownership interest Consulting; Omni Biosciences Ownership interest Consulting; Sentegra Ownership interest Board membership; Syndicom Ownership interest Consulting; Oxlo  Consulting; Medvoy Ownership interest Management position