eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine > Cardiology

Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts: Multimedia

Author: Prema Ramaswamy, MD, Co-director of Pediatric Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): Patturajah Anbumani, MD, MBBS, MS, MCh, Associate Medical Director, Best Medical Care; Former Associate Medical Director, Jeanes Hospital, Temple University Health System; Former Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine; Former Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Downstate; Kuruchi Srinivasan, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Feb 10, 2009

Multimedia

A: Image shows a ventricular septum viewed from t...
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Media file 1: A: Image shows a ventricular septum viewed from the right side. It has the following 4 components: inlet septum from the tricuspid annulus to the attachments of the tricuspid valve (I); trabecular septum from inlet to apex and up to the smooth-walled outlet (T); outlet septum, which extends to the pulmonary valve (O); and membranous septum. B: Anatomic positions of the defects are as follows: outlet defect (a); papillary muscle of the conus (b); perimembranous defect (c); marginal muscular defects (d); central muscular defects (e); inlet defect (f); and apical muscular defects (g).
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A: Image shows a ventricular septum viewed from t...

A: Image shows a ventricular septum viewed from the right side. It has the following 4 components: inlet septum from the tricuspid annulus to the attachments of the tricuspid valve (I); trabecular septum from inlet to apex and up to the smooth-walled outlet (T); outlet septum, which extends to the pulmonary valve (O); and membranous septum. B: Anatomic positions of the defects are as follows: outlet defect (a); papillary muscle of the conus (b); perimembranous defect (c); marginal muscular defects (d); central muscular defects (e); inlet defect (f); and apical muscular defects (g).

Schematic representation of the location of vario...
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Media file 2: Schematic representation of the location of various types of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) from the right ventricular aspect. A = Doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect; B = Perimembranous ventricular septal defect; C = Inlet or atrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect; D = Muscular ventricular septal defect.
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Schematic representation of the location of vario...

Schematic representation of the location of various types of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) from the right ventricular aspect. A = Doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect; B = Perimembranous ventricular septal defect; C = Inlet or atrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect; D = Muscular ventricular septal defect.

Supracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). Top...
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Media file 3: Supracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). Top image: Parasternal long-axis view shows the defect just below the aortic root. Middle image: The plane of sound is tilted to view the right ventricular outflow tract, and the defect is observed below the pulmonic valve. Bottom image: Parasternal short-axis view shows the ventricular septal defect between the aortic root (Ao) and the pulmonic valve (PV). LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.
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Supracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). Top...

Supracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). Top image: Parasternal long-axis view shows the defect just below the aortic root. Middle image: The plane of sound is tilted to view the right ventricular outflow tract, and the defect is observed below the pulmonic valve. Bottom image: Parasternal short-axis view shows the ventricular septal defect between the aortic root (Ao) and the pulmonic valve (PV). LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.

Echocardiogram of a child with a perimembranous v...
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Media file 4: Echocardiogram of a child with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). Note the defect at the 10 o'clock position in the parasternal short-axis view. AO = Aortic root; LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.
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Echocardiogram of a child with a perimembranous v...

Echocardiogram of a child with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). Note the defect at the 10 o'clock position in the parasternal short-axis view. AO = Aortic root; LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.

Apical 4-chamber views. A: Image shows a large in...
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Media file 5: Apical 4-chamber views. A: Image shows a large inlet defect. The defect is posterior and at the level of the atrioventricular valves. B: Image shows a small midmuscular ventricular septal defect. LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.
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Apical 4-chamber views. A: Image shows a large in...

Apical 4-chamber views. A: Image shows a large inlet defect. The defect is posterior and at the level of the atrioventricular valves. B: Image shows a small midmuscular ventricular septal defect. LA = Left atrium; LV = Left ventricle; PA = Pulmonary artery; RA = Right atrium; RV = Right ventricle.

More on Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts

Overview: Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts
Treatment & Medication: Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts
Follow-up: Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts
Multimedia: Ventricular Septal Defect, General Concepts
References
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References

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Further Reading

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Keywords

ventricular septal defect, VSD, isolated ventriculoseptal defect, isolated ventricular defect, maladie de Roger, Eisenmenger complex, Eisenmenger's syndrome, Eisenmenger syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, TOF), complete atrioventricular canal defects, transposition of great arteries, corrected transpositions, cyanosis, hypertension, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, perimembranous VSD, conal septal, infundibular, subpulmonic, subarterial, subarterial doubly committed, outlet, supracristal ventricular septal defect, polycythemia, congestive heart failure, CHF, infective endocarditis, cardiomegaly, tachycardia, congenital cardiovascular malformations, CCVM, gestational diabetes mellitus

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Prema Ramaswamy, MD, Co-director of Pediatric Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Prema Ramaswamy, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Cardiology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Patturajah Anbumani, MD, MBBS, MS, MCh, Associate Medical Director, Best Medical Care; Former Associate Medical Director, Jeanes Hospital, Temple University Health System; Former Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine; Former Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Downstate
Patturajah Anbumani, MD, MBBS, MS, MCh is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, and American Medical Women's Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Kuruchi Srinivasan, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital
Kuruchi Srinivasan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Jeffrey Allen Towbin, MD, MSc, FAAP, FACC, FAHA, Professor, Departments of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Cardiovascular Sciences, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief of Pediatric Cardiology, Foundation Chair in Pediatric Cardiac Research, Texas Children's Hospital
Jeffrey Allen Towbin, MD, MSc, FAAP, FACC, FAHA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Cardiology, American College of Sports Medicine, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, American Society of Human Genetics, Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, Heart Rhythm Society, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Pediatric Research, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Pediatric Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Hugh D Allen, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine
Hugh D Allen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Pediatric Society, American Society of Echocardiography, Society for Pediatric Research, Society of Pediatric Echocardiography, and Western Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Gilbert Herzberg, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Medical College
Gilbert Herzberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Stuart Berger, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Chief of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Director of Pediatric Heart Transplant Program, Medical Director of The Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Stuart Berger, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American Heart Association, and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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