eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine > Cardiology

Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate: Multimedia

Author: M Silvana Horenstein, MD, Consultant, Pediatric and Fetal Cardiac Diagnostic, Diagnostico Gineco-Obstetrico, PC; Associate Medical Director, Legacy Department, Best Doctors, Inc
Coauthor(s): Michael A Portman, MD, Research Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Associate Professor, Childrens' Hospital
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Oct 3, 2008

Multimedia

Partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): Th...Media file 1: Partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): The mitral and tricuspid annuli are separate. The cleft in the mitral leaflet is in the anterior position. This type of anatomy is usually associated with a primum atrial septal defect (ASD). Partial AVSD is more common than intermediate AVSD.
Partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): Th...

Partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): The mitral and tricuspid annuli are separate. The cleft in the mitral leaflet is in the anterior position. This type of anatomy is usually associated with a primum atrial septal defect (ASD). Partial AVSD is more common than intermediate AVSD.

Intermediate atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD...Media file 2: Intermediate atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): A single valve annulus is present. The anterior and posterior bridging leaflets are fused (whereas in complete AVSD the anterior and posterior bridging leaflets are not fused). Therefore, the atrioventricular valve has a tricuspid and a mitral component. Intermediate AVSD is the least common type of AVSD.
Intermediate atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD...

Intermediate atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): A single valve annulus is present. The anterior and posterior bridging leaflets are fused (whereas in complete AVSD the anterior and posterior bridging leaflets are not fused). Therefore, the atrioventricular valve has a tricuspid and a mitral component. Intermediate AVSD is the least common type of AVSD.

Echocardiogram of the apical 4-chamber view demon...Media file 3: Echocardiogram of the apical 4-chamber view demonstrating a partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). Chambers are denoted by RA (right atrium), RV (right ventricle), and LV (left ventricle).
Echocardiogram of the apical 4-chamber view demon...

Echocardiogram of the apical 4-chamber view demonstrating a partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). Chambers are denoted by RA (right atrium), RV (right ventricle), and LV (left ventricle).

Echocardiogram with subcostal view demonstrates a...Media file 4: Echocardiogram with subcostal view demonstrates an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). A portion of the ostium secundum atrial septum is also missing, just superior to the ostium primum defect.
Echocardiogram with subcostal view demonstrates a...

Echocardiogram with subcostal view demonstrates an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). A portion of the ostium secundum atrial septum is also missing, just superior to the ostium primum defect.

Color Doppler demonstrates left-to-right shunting...Media file 5: Color Doppler demonstrates left-to-right shunting through the partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) shown in Media files 1-2.
Color Doppler demonstrates left-to-right shunting...

Color Doppler demonstrates left-to-right shunting through the partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) shown in Media files 1-2.

Left superior axis deviation in the frontal plane...Media file 6: Left superior axis deviation in the frontal plane and rR' pattern in right precordial leads.
Left superior axis deviation in the frontal plane...

Left superior axis deviation in the frontal plane and rR' pattern in right precordial leads.

More on Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate

Overview: Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate
Treatment & Medication: Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate
Follow-up: Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate
Multimedia: Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial and Intermediate
References

References

  1. Inga A, Reamon-Buettner SM, Borlak J, Resnick MA. Functional dissection of sequence-specific NKX2-5 DNA binding domain mutations associated with human heart septation defects using a yeast-based system. Hum Mol Genet. Jul 15 2005;14(14):1965-75. [Medline].

  2. Prifti E, Bonacchi M, Bernabei M, et al. Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects in patients weighing less than 5 kg. Ann Thorac Surg. May 2004;77(5):1717-26. [Medline].

  3. Ten Harkel AD, Cromme-Dijkhuis AH, Heinerman BC, et al. Development of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation after correction of atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. Feb 2005;79(2):607-12. [Medline].

  4. Manning PB. Partial atrioventricular canal: pitfalls in technique. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2007;42-6. [Medline].

  5. Abbruzzese PA, Napoleone A, Bini RM. Late left atrioventricular valve insufficiency after repair of partial atrioventricular septal defects: anatomical and surgical determinants. Ann Thorac Surg. Jan 1990;49(1):111-4. [Medline].

  6. Aubert S, Henaine R, Raisky O, et al. Atypical forms of isolated partial atrioventricular septal defect increase the risk of initial valve replacement and reoperation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Aug 2005;28(2):223-8. [Medline].

  7. Najm HK, Williams WG, Chuaratanaphong S, Watzka SB, Coles JG, Freedom RM. Primum atrial septal defect in children: early results, risk factors, and freedom from reoperation. Ann Thorac Surg. Sep 1998;66(3):829-35. [Medline].

  8. Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, et al. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med. Jun 8 2006;354(23):2443-51. [Medline].

  9. Allwork SP. Anatomical-embryological correlates in atrioventricular septal defect. Br Heart J. May 1982;47(5):419-29. [Medline].

  10. Ebels T, Ho SY, Anderson RH, Meijboom EJ, Eijgelaar A. The surgical anatomy of the left ventricular outflow tract in atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. May 1986;41(5):483-8. [Medline].

  11. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA, eds. The Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease, The Baltimore-Washington Infant Heart Study (1981-1989),. In: Perspectives in Pediatric Cardiology. Vol 4. Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Co; 1993.

  12. Freeman SB, Taft LF, Dooley KJ, et al. Population-based study of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet. Nov 16 1998;80(3):213-7. [Medline].

  13. Jacobstein MD, Fletcher BD, Goldstein S, Riemenschneider TA. Evaluation of atrioventricular septal defect by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol. Apr 15 1985;55(9):1158-61. [Medline].

  14. LaCorte MA, Cooper RS, Kauffman SL, et al. Atrioventricular canal ventricular septal defect with cleft mitral valve. Angiographic and echocardiographic features. Pediatr Cardiol. 1982;2(4):289-95. [Medline].

  15. Lipshultz SE, Sanders SP, Mayer JE, Colan SD, Lock JE. Are routine preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography necessary before repair of ostium primum atrial septal defect?. J Am Coll Cardiol. Feb 1988;11(2):373-8. [Medline].

  16. Neufeld HN, Titus JL, Dushane JW, BUrchell HB, Edwards JE. Isolated ventricular septal defect of the persistent common atrioventricular canal type. Circulation. May 1961;23:685-96. [Medline].

  17. Parsons JM, Baker EJ, Anderson RH, et al. Morphological evaluation of atrioventricular septal defects by magnetic resonance imaging. Br Heart J. Aug 1990;64(2):138-45. [Medline].

  18. Piccoli GP, Gerlis LM, Wilkinson JL, et al. Morphology and classification of atrioventricular defects. Br Heart J. Dec 1979;42(6):621-32. [Medline].

  19. Portman MA, Beder SD, Ankeney JL. A 20-year review of ostium primum defect repair in children. Am Heart J. Nov 1985;110(5):1054-8. [Medline].

  20. Portman MA, Beder SD, Cohen MH, et al. Conduction abnormalities detected by electrophysiologic testing following repair of ostium primum atrioventricular septal defect. Int J Cardiol. Apr 1986;11(1):111-9. [Medline].

  21. Pretre R, Dave H, Kadner A. Direct closure of the septum primum in atrioventricular canal defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Jun 2004;127(6):1678-81.

  22. Sadeghi AM, Laks H, Pearl JM. Primum atrial septal defect. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Jan 1997;9(1):2-7. [Medline].

  23. van den Bosch AE, van Dijk VF, McGhie JS, et al. Real-time transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography provides additional information of left-sided AV valve morphology after AVSD repair. Int J Cardiol. Jan 26 2006;106(3):360-4. [Medline].

  24. Wang ZJ, Reddy GP, Gotway MB, et al. Cardiovascular shunts: MR imaging evaluation. Radiographics. Oct 2003;23 Spec No:S181-94. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

atrioventricular septal defect, AVSD, partial AVSD, partial atrioventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect, mitral cleft, ostium primum defect, partial atrioventricular septal defect, partial common atrioventricular canal, endocardial cushion defects, intermediate atrioventricular septal defect, transitional common atrioventricular canal, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, congenital heart defect, Down syndrome, mitral regurgitation, MR, congestive heart failure, failure to thrive, heart murmur, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid atresia, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, VSD, hypoplastic left ventricle, hypoplastic LV, respiratory distress, exercise intolerance

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

M Silvana Horenstein, MD, Consultant, Pediatric and Fetal Cardiac Diagnostic, Diagnostico Gineco-Obstetrico, PC; Associate Medical Director, Legacy Department, Best Doctors, Inc
M Silvana Horenstein, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael A Portman, MD, Research Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Associate Professor, Childrens' Hospital
Michael A Portman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Physiological Society, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Paul M Seib, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Medical Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Co-Medical Director, Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Arkansas Children's Hospital
Paul M Seib, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Arkansas Medical Society, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Alvin J Chin, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Alvin J Chin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Heart Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Gilbert Herzberg, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Medical College
Gilbert Herzberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Steven R Neish, MD, SM, Director of Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Program, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
Steven R Neish, MD, SM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, and American Heart Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.