eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine > Cardiology

Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia: Multimedia

Author: Michael Pettersen, MD, Director of Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): Aparna Kulkarni, MBBS, MD, Fellow, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Nov 24, 2008

Multimedia

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Media file 1: Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic image demonstrating a large malalignment ventricular septal defect with overriding of the aorta over the ventricular septum.
Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiog...

Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic image demonstrating a large malalignment ventricular septal defect with overriding of the aorta over the ventricular septum.

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Media file 2: Subcostal sagittal plane two-dimensional echocardiographic image showing pulmonary valve atresia, with confluent and well-developed pulmonary artery branches.
Subcostal sagittal plane two-dimensional echocard...

Subcostal sagittal plane two-dimensional echocardiographic image showing pulmonary valve atresia, with confluent and well-developed pulmonary artery branches.

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Media file 3: Suprasternal long axis color flow echocardiographic image showing a large patent ductus arteriosus supply confluent pulmonary arteries.
Suprasternal long axis color flow echocardiograph...

Suprasternal long axis color flow echocardiographic image showing a large patent ductus arteriosus supply confluent pulmonary arteries.

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Media file 4: Aortopulmonary view angiogram, with injection in the descending thoracic aorta demonstrating multiple aortopulmonary collaterals supplying pulmonary blood flow.
Aortopulmonary view angiogram, with injection in ...

Aortopulmonary view angiogram, with injection in the descending thoracic aorta demonstrating multiple aortopulmonary collaterals supplying pulmonary blood flow.

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Media file 5: Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic image in a patient status post complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. A patch is visualized closing the ventricular septal defect.
Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiog...

Parasternal long axis two-dimensional echocardiographic image in a patient status post complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. A patch is visualized closing the ventricular septal defect.

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Media file 6: Parasternal long axis color compare echocardiographic image showing the pulmonary artery conduit arising from the right ventricle.
Parasternal long axis color compare echocardiogra...

Parasternal long axis color compare echocardiographic image showing the pulmonary artery conduit arising from the right ventricle.

More on Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia

Overview: Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
Treatment & Medication: Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
Follow-up: Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
Multimedia: Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
References

References

  1. Tchervenkov CI, Roy N. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: pulmonary atresia--ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. Apr 2000;69(4 Suppl):S97-105. [Medline].

  2. Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S, Nebesar RA, et al. Tetralogy of Fallot: underdevelopment of the pulmonary infundibulum and its sequelae. Am J Cardiol. Jul 1970;26(1):25-33. [Medline].

  3. Perry LW, Neill CA, Ferencz C. Infants with congenital heart disease: the cases. In: Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA, et al. Perspectives in Pediatric Cardiology: Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease. Armonk, NY: The Baltimore Washington Infant study; 1997:59-102.

  4. Bertranou EG, Blackstone EH, Hazelrig JB, et al. Life expectancy without surgery in tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol. Sep 1978;42(3):458-66. [Medline].

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  7. Digilio MC, Marino B, Grazioli S, et al. Comparison of occurrence of genetic syndromes in ventricular septal defect with pulmonic stenosis (classic tetralogy of Fallot) versus ventricular septal defect with pulmonic atresia. Am J Cardiol. Jun 15 1996;77(15):1375-6. [Medline].

  8. Mackie AS, Gauvreau K, Perry SB, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of aortopulmonary collaterals in infants with tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary atresia. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 5 2003;41(5):852-7. [Medline].

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  10. Geva T, Greil GF, Marshall AC, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced 3-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary blood supply in patients with complex pulmonary stenosis or atresia: comparison with x-ray angiography. Circulation. Jul 23 2002;106(4):473-8. [Medline][Full Text].

  11. Bernardes RJ, Marchiori E, Bernardes PM, Monzo Gonzaga MB, Simoes LC. A comparison of magnetic resonance angiography with conventional angiography in the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiol Young. Jun 2006;16(3):281-8. [Medline].

  12. Duncan BW, Mee RB, Prieto LR, et al. Staged repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Sep 2003;126(3):694-702. [Medline].

  13. Sierra J, Christenson JT, Lahlaidi NH, Beghetti M, Kalangos A. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: what conduit to use? Homograft or Contegra?. Ann Thorac Surg. Aug 2007;84(2):606-10; discussion 610-1. [Medline].

  14. Niemantsverdriet MB, Ottenkamp J, Gauvreau K, Del Nido PJ, Hazenkamp MG, Jenkins KJ. Determinants of right ventricular outflow tract conduit longevity: a multinational analysis. Congenit Heart Dis. May 2008;3(3):176-84. [Medline].

  15. Lofland GK. The management of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries by definitive single stage repair in early infancy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Oct 2000;18(4):480-6. [Medline].

  16. Reddy VM, Petrossian E, McElhinney DB, et al. One-stage complete unifocalization in infants: when should the ventricular septal defect be closed?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. May 1997;113(5):858-66; discussion 866-8. [Medline].

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  18. Dearani JA, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, et al. Late follow-up of 1095 patients undergoing operation for complex congenital heart disease utilizing pulmonary ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits. Ann Thorac Surg. Feb 2003;75(2):399-410; discussion 410-1. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

tetralogy of Fallot, TOF, tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia, TOF-PA, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, VSD, end-stage tetralogy of Fallot, Fallot tetralogy, Fallot's tetralogy, Fallot tetrad, Fallot's tetrad, CATCH22 syndrome, cardiac defect, abnormal face, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia, microdeletion of band 22q11, vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, renal and radial anomalies, VATER syndrome, coloboma, heart disease, atresia choanae, retarded growth, retarded development, CNS anomalies, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies, deafness, CHARGE syndrome, Alagille syndrome, cat's eye syndrome, de Lange syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, trisomy 21, maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal phenylketonuria

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Michael Pettersen, MD, Director of Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Michael Pettersen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and American Society of Echocardiography
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Aparna Kulkarni, MBBS, MD, Fellow, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan
Aparna Kulkarni, MBBS, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Cardiology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Ira H Gessner, MD, Professor Emeritus, Pediatric Cardiology
Ira H Gessner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Pediatric Society, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Ameeta Martin, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine
Ameeta Martin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Gilbert Z Herzberg, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Medical College; Consulting Staff, Department of Pediatrics, Sound Shore Medical Center
Gilbert Z Herzberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Stuart Berger, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Chief of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Director of Pediatric Heart Transplant Program, Medical Director of The Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Stuart Berger, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American Heart Association, and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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