Status Asthmaticus: Multimedia

References

1. Gorelick M, Scribano PV, Stevens MW, Schultz T, Shults J. Predicting need for hospitalization in acute pediatric asthma. Pediatr Emerg Care. Nov 2008;24(11):735-44. [Medline].

2. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Expert Panel. Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 2007. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; August 28, 2007. [Full Text].

3. [Best Evidence] Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. Efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and asthma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Pediatrics. Mar 2009;123(3):e519-25. [Medline].

4. Ciarallo L, Brousseau D, Reinert S. Higher-dose intravenous magnesium therapy for children with moderate to severeacute asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Oct 2000;154(10):979-83. [Medline].

5. Stephanopoulos DE, Monge R, Schell KH, et al. Continuous intravenous terbutaline for pediatric status asthmaticus. Crit Care Med. Oct 1998;26(10):1744-8. [Medline].

6. Ream RS, Loftis LL, Albers GM, et al. Efficacy of IV theophylline in children with severe status asthmaticus. Chest. May 2001;119(5):1480-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].

7. Wheeler DS, Jacobs BR, Kenreigh CA, et al. Theophylline versus terbutaline in treating critically ill children with statusasthmaticus: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med. Mar 2005;6(2):142-7. [Medline].

8. [Best Evidence] Kim IK, Phrampus E, Venkataraman S, Pitetti R, Saville A, Corcoran T. Helium/oxygen-driven albuterol nebulization in the treatment of children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. Nov 2005;116(5):1127-33. [Medline].

9. Kudukis TM, Manthous CA, Schmidt GA, Hall JB, Wylam ME. Inhaled helium-oxygen revisited: effect of inhaled helium-oxygen during the treatment of status asthmaticus in children. J Pediatr. Feb 1997;130(2):217-24. [Medline].

10. Anderson M, Svartengren M, Bylin G, Philipson K, Camner P. Deposition in asthmatics of particles inhaled in air or in helium-oxygen. Am Rev Respir Dis. Mar 1993;147(3):524-8. [Medline].

11. Hebbar KB, Petrillo-Albarano T, Coto-Puckett W, et al. Experience with use of extracorporeal life support for severe refractory status asthmaticus in children. Crit Care. Mar 2 2009;13(2):R29. [Medline].

12. Elias JA, Zhu Z, Chupp G, Homer RJ. Airway remodeling in asthma. J Clin Invest. Oct 1999;104(8):1001-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].

13. Pearlman DS. Pathophysiology of the inflammatory response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Oct 1999;104(4 Pt 1):S132-7. [Medline].

14. Asthma. In: Fuhrman B, Zimmerman J, eds. Pediatric Critical Care. 2^nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1998:473-5.

15. Scarfone RJ, Loiselle JM, Joffe MD, et al. A randomized trial of magnesium in the emergency department treatment of childrenwith asthma. Ann Emerg Med. Dec 2000;36(6):572-8. [Medline].

16. Schuh S, Johnson DW, Callahan S, et al. Efficacy of frequent nebulized ipratropium bromide added to frequent high-dosealbuterol therapy in severe childhood asthma. J Pediatr. Apr 1995;126(4):639-45. [Medline].

17. Schwarz AJ, Lubinsky PS. Acute severe asthma. In: Levin DL, Morriss FC, eds. Essentials of Pediatric Intensive Care. Vol 1. 2^nd ed. 1997:143-56.

18. Werner HA. Status asthmaticus in children: a review. Chest. Jun 2001;119(6):1913-29. [Medline]. [Full Text].

19. Yung M, South M. Randomised controlled trial of aminophylline for severe acute asthma. Arch Dis Child. Nov 1998;79(5):405-10. [Medline]. [Full Text].

20. Zorc JJ, Pusic MV, Ogborn CJ, et al. Ipratropium bromide added to asthma treatment in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. Apr 1999;103(4 Pt 1):748-52. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Further Reading

• Asthma resources from Medscape and eMedicine
  • Asthma News and Articles
  • Asthma Clinical Reference
  • Asthma CME

Keywords

asthma, asthma unresponsive to treatment with bronchodilators, wheezing, dyspnea, cough, reactive airways disease, RAD, severe asthma, status asthmaticus, airway hyperresponsiveness, emesis, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, V/Q mismatch, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis, respiratory distress, air trapping, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, atopy, tachyphylaxis, bronchospasm, airway inflammation, mucus plugging, carbon dioxide retention, respiratory failure, obstructed airway, mast cell degranulation, acute asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus, RSV, atopy, allergies, bradycardia, hypoventilation, cardiorespiratory arrest, hypotension, bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure, CHF, tension pneumothorax, gastroesophageal reflux disease

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Adam J Schwarz, MD, Consulting Staff, Critical Care Division, Pediatric Subspecialty Faculty, Children's Hospital of Orange County
Adam J Schwarz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

G Patricia Cantwell, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami; Director of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Children's Hospital
G Patricia Cantwell, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Heart Association, American Trauma Society, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Barry J Evans, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Temple University Medical School; Director of Pediatric Critical Care and Pulmonology, Associate Chair for Pediatric Education, Temple University Children's Medical Center
Barry J Evans, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Mary E Cataletto, MD, Associate Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Winthrop University Hospital; Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook; Director of Children's Sleep Services, Winthrop University Hospital
Mary E Cataletto, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Chest Physicians
Disclosure: Shering Plough Pharmaceuticals Honoraria Consulting

Chief Editor

Michael R Bye, MD, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Physician, Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center
Michael R Bye, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching