Cafe Au Lait Spots: Differential Diagnoses & Workup

References

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Further Reading

Keywords

café au lait spots, cafe au lait spots, pigmented macules, axillary freckling, neurofibromatosis, neurofibromatosis type 1, NF1, neurofibromatosis type 2, NF2, Von Recklinghausen disease, peripheral neurofibromatosis, NF2, McCune-Albright syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Fanconi anemia, optic glioma, Lisch nodules, pseudarthroses, congenital glaucoma, sphenoid wing dysplasia, precocious puberty, aplastic anemia, mental retardation, ash leaf spots, angiofibromas

hemangiomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, shagreen patches, Russell-Silver syndrome, Silver-Russell syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Gaucher disease, Gaucher syndrome, Chiak-Higashi syndrome, Hunter syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, Watson syndrome, Crowe sign, scoliosis, hypoplastic bowing of the legs, osseous lesions in the ribs, pseudoarthritis of the tibia, spina bifida, scalloping of the vertebral body, neurofibromas, lipomata, angiomata, ptosis, pheochromocytoma

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

William D James, MD, Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Vice-Chair, Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System
William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: elsevier Royalty Other; american college of physicians Honoraria Other

Coauthor(s)

Raj D Sheth, MD, Professor of Neurology, Mayo College of Medicine; Chief, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children's Clinic
Raj D Sheth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Epilepsy Society, American Neurological Association, and Child Neurology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nazanin Saedi, MD, Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
Nazanin Saedi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Kevin P Connelly, DO, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Emergency Care, Virginia Commonwealth University; Medical Director, Paws for Health Pet Visitation Program of the Richmond SPCA; Pediatric Emergency Physician, Emergency Consultants Inc, Chippenham Medical Center
Kevin P Connelly, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, and American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH, Professor and Head, Dermatology, Professor of Pathology, Pediatrics, Medicine, and Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School
Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Merrily P M Poth, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Merrily P M Poth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Endocrine Society, and Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD, Director, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.