eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral > Medical Topics

Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder: Differential Diagnoses & Workup

Author: Cynthia R Ellis, MD, Director of Developmental Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Coauthor(s): Connie Jo Schnoes, PhD, Assistant Research Professor, Department of Special Education & Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Holly Jean Roberts, MS, PhD, Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: May 3, 2006

Differential Diagnoses

Anxiety Disorder: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Childhood Disintegration Disorder
Anxiety Disorder: Trichotillomania
Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Rett Syndrome
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses
Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Asperger Syndrome
Status Epilepticus
Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Autism

Other Problems to Be Considered

Stereotypic movement disorder
Tic disorder
Factitious disorder with predominately physical signs and symptoms
Self-mutilation associated with certain psychotic disorders and personality disorders
Pain
Abuse
Neglect
CNS disease
Seizure disorder
Self-stimulatory behaviors in individuals with hearing impairment or other sensory deficits
Environmentally based sensory deprivation
Neurologically based movement disorder (chorea, dystonic movements, athetosis, myoclonus, hemiballismus, spasms)
Developmentally appropriate self-stimulatory behaviors in young children

More on Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Overview: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Treatment & Medication: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Follow-up: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder
References

References

  1. AAP. Atypical behaviors. In: Wolraich ML, Felice ME, Drotar D, eds. The Classification of Child and Adolescent Mental Diagnoses in Primary Care: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Primary Care (DSM-PC) Child and Adolescent Version. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics;. 1996: 267-75.

  2. APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 1994.

  3. Allen KW. Chronic nailbiting: a controlled comparison of competing response and mild aversion treatments. Behav Res Ther. Mar 1996;34(3):269-72. [Medline].

  4. Blum NJ. Repetitive Bbhaviors. In: Levine MD, Carey WB, Crocker AC, eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;. 1999: 430-42.

  5. Ellingson SA, Miltenberger RG, Stricker JM, et al. Analysis and treatment of finger sucking. J Appl Behav Anal. Spring 2000;33(1):41-52. [Medline].

  6. Glaros AG, Epkins CC. Habit disorders: bruxism, trichotillomania, and tics. In: Roberts MC, ed. Handbook of Pediatric Psychology, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford;. 1995: 558-74.

  7. Long ES, Miltenberger RG. A review of behavioral and pharmacological treatments for habit disorders in individuals with mental retardation. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. Jun 1998;29(2):143-56. [Medline].

  8. Matthews LH, Leibowitz JM, Matthews JR. Tics, habits, and mannerisms. In: Walker CE, Roberts MC, eds. Handbook of Clinical Child Psychology, 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons;. 1992: 283-302.

  9. Meyer RG. Practical clinical hypnosis: techniques and applications. In: Scientific Foundations of Clinical Counseling Psychology. New York, NY: Lexington Books/Macmillan;. 1992.

  10. Miller JM, Singer HS, Bridges DD, Waranch HR. Behavioral therapy for treatment of stereotypic movements in nonautistic children. J Child Neurol. Feb 2006;21(2):119-25. [Medline].

  11. Peterson AL, Campise RL, Azrin NH. Behavioral and pharmacological treatments for tic and habit disorders: a review. J Dev Behav Pediatr. Dec 1994;15(6):430-41. [Medline].

  12. Simon GE, Savarino J, Operskalski B, Wang PS. Suicide risk during antidepressant treatment. Am J Psychiatry. Jan 2006;163(1):41-7. [Medline].

  13. Watson TS, Sterling HE. Habits and tics. In: Watson TS, Gresham FM, eds. Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy. New York, NY: Plenum;. 1998: 431-49.

  14. Wester WC II. Habits. In: Wester WC II, O'Grady DJ, eds. Clinical Hypnosis with Children. New York, NY: Routledge;. 1991: 85-96.

  15. Woods DW, Miltenberger RG. A review of habit reversal with childhood habit disorders. Educ Treat Child. 1996;19:197-214.

  16. Woods DW, Murray LK, Fuqua RW, et al. Comparing the effectiveness of similar and dissimilar competing responses in evaluating the habit reversal treatment for oral-digital habits in children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. Dec 1999;30(4):289-300. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

childhood habit behaviors, stereotypic movement disorder, habits, teeth grinding, bruxism, hair pulling, thumb sucking, breath holding, breath-holding spells, stereotypies, nose picking, rocking, nail biting, nailbiting, head banging, headbanging, habitlike behavior

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Cynthia R Ellis, MD, Director of Developmental Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Cynthia R Ellis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Nebraska Medical Association
Disclosure: Bristol-Myers Squibb Grant/research funds Other

Coauthor(s)

Connie Jo Schnoes, PhD, Assistant Research Professor, Department of Special Education & Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Holly Jean Roberts, MS, PhD, Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Chet Johnson, MD, Medical Director, Child Development Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Professor, University of Kansas Medical Center
Chet Johnson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine.com, Inc
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from broker recommendation; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from broker recommendation

CME Editor

Carrie Sylvester, MD, MPH, Director of Education in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School
Carrie Sylvester, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Women's Association, American Psychiatric Association, and American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Caroly Pataki, MD, Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Division Chair of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Director of Training, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Residency Program, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
Caroly Pataki, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York Academy of Sciences, and Physicians for Social Responsibility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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