eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral > Medical Topics
Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse: Multimedia
Updated: Dec 12, 2008
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Handprint on face. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 2: Handprint on leg. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 3: Bruises inflicted with belt. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 4: Bruises inflicted with switch. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 5: Bruises inflicted with switch. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 6: Switch - Object used in Media files 4-5. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 7: Bruises inflicted with wooden spoon. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 8: Bruises inflicted with belt. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 9: Buckle fracture distal femur shaft. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 10: Duodenal hematoma. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 11: Burn from car seat. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 12: Car seat. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 13: Model for Media file 14. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 14: Femoral neck fracture from being yanked from previous crib. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 15: Inflicted pinch mark shaft. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 16: Burn from being held down on hot cement. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 17: Old and new radius fracture. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 18: Child with slap mark. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 19: Same child as in Media file 18, with old radius and ulna fracture. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 20: Same child as in Images 18-19, with multiple rib fractures. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 21: Sunburn. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 22: Burn inflicted with lighter. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 23: Acute subdural with shift. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 24: Fingernail scratch in same child with subdural shown in Media file 23. Image courtesy of Lawrence R. Ricci, MD. |
![]() | Media file 25: Ecological model for understanding violence. |
![]() | Media file 26: Overlap of child maltreatment and domestic violence. |
![]() | Media file 27: US child maltreatment trends. |
![]() | Media file 28: Adverse child experiences pyramid. |
![]() | Media file 29: National Pediatric Trauma Group registry findings. |
More on Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
| Overview: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
| Treatment & Medication: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
| Follow-up: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
Multimedia: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Sedlak AJ, Broadhurst DD. Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-3 Final Report). US Dept of Health and Human Services;1996. Contract No. 105-94-1840.
National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System: 1991 Summary Data Component. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office;1993. Working Paper 2.
Helfer RE. The developmental basis of child abuse and neglect: An epidemiological approach. In: The Battered Child. 4th ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1987:60-80.
Straus MA, Kantor GK. Corporal punishment of adolescents by parents: a risk factor in the epidemiology of depression, suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating. Adolescence. Fall 1994;29(115):543-61. [Medline].
American Academy of Pediatrics Web site. Periodic Survey of Fellows #38: Attitudes and Counseling on Corporal Punishment in the Home: July 1998. Available at: www.aap.org/research/ps38exs1.htm. Accessed 2000.
Administration for Children and Families. US Department of Health and Human Services NIS-4 Description. [Full Text].
Finkelhor D, Jones L. Updated Trends in Child Maltreatment 2006. Crimes Against Children Research Center. University of New Hampshire. Available at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/Trends%20in%20Child%20Maltreatment.pdf. Accessed December 2, 2008.
Prevent Child Abuse America. 2006 National Child Maltreatment Statistics National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth ad Families. Available at http://member.preventchildabuse.org/site/DocServer/Child_Maltreatment_Fact_Sheet_2005.pdf?docID=221. Accessed November 25, 2008.
DiScala C, Sege R, Li G, Reece RM. Child Abuse and Unintentional Injuries. Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;154:16-22.
Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med. May 1998;14(4):245-58. [Medline].
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Center for Disease Control. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/ACE/PYRAMID.HTM. Accessed December 2, 2008.
American Humane Association. AHA fact sheet #12: The use of physical discipline. Englewood, CO;1994.
Bays J. Reece RM, Ludwig S, eds. Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:287-306.
Bays J, Jenny C. Genital and anal conditions confused with child sexual abuse trauma. Am J Dis Child. Dec 1990;144(12):1319-22. [Medline].
Belsky J. Child maltreatment: an ecological integration. Am Psychol. Apr 1980;35(4):320-35. [Medline].
Berkowitz CD. Pediatric abuse. New patterns of injury. Emerg Med Clin North Am. May 1995;13(2):321-41. [Medline].
Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. Am Psychol. 1977;32:513-31.
Child Maltreatment 2003. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm03/cm2003.pdf.
Giardino, AP, Alexander R, eds. Child Maltreatment: A Clinical Guide and Reference. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: GW Medical Publications; 2005.
Clark KD, Tepper D, Jenny C. Effect of a screening profile on the diagnosis of nonaccidental burns in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. Aug 1997;13(4):259-61. [Medline].
Coant PN, Kornberg AE, Brody AS, Edwards-Holmes K. Markers for occult liver injury in cases of physical abuse in children. Pediatrics. Feb 1992;89(2):274-8. [Medline].
Dubowitz H. Prevention. In: Child Maltreatment: A Clinical Guide & Reference. St. Louis, MO: GW Medical Publishing Inc; 2005:1063-90.
Duhaime AC, Christian CW, Rorke LB, Zimmerman RA. Nonaccidental head injury in infants--the "shaken-baby syndrome". N Engl J Med. Jun 18 1998;338(25):1822-9. [Medline].
Feldman KW. Evaluation of Physical Abuse. In: Helfer ME, Kempe RS, Krugman RD, eds. The Battered Child. 5th ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press; 1997:175-220.
Garbarino J. The human ecology of child maltreatment: A conceptual model for research. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1977;39:721-727.
Garbarino J, Brookhouser PE, Authier KJ. Special Children Special Risks: The Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities. New York, NY: Aldine deGruyter; 1987.
Garbarino J, Eckenrode J. Understanding Abusive Families: An Ecological Approach to Theory and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers; 1997.
Giardino AP, Alexander R. Child Maltreatment: A Clinical Guide and Reference. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: GW Medical Publishing, Inc; 2005.
Giardino AP, Christian CW, Giardino ER. A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect. California: Sage Publications Inc; 1997.
Giardino AP, Giardino ER. Recognition of Child Abuse for the Mandated Reporter. St. Louis, MO: GW Medical Publishing Inc; 2002.
Graham-Bermann SA, Edleson JL. Domestic Violence in the Lives of Children: The Future of Research, Intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.
Grossman DC, Rauh MJ, Rivara FP. Prevalence of corporal punishment among students in Washington State schools. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. May 1995;149(5):529-32. [Medline].
Gushurst CA. Child abuse: behavioral aspects and other associated problems. Pediatr Clin North Am. Aug 2003;50(4):919-38. [Medline].
Hansbrough JF, Hansbrough W. Pediatric burns. Pediatr Rev. Apr 1999;20(4):117-23; quiz 124. [Medline].
Harding B, Ridson RA, Krous HF. Shaken Baby Syndrome. BMJ. 2004;328:720-921.
Helfer RE. The etiology of child abuse. Pediatrics. Apr 1973;51:Suppl 4:777-9. [Medline].
Hyman IA. The Case Against Spanking: How to Discipline Your Child Without Hitting. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers; 1997.
In Harm's Way: Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment. 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Children's Bureau, Administration on Children, Youth Families. Administration for Children and Families. National Clearing House on Child Abuse and Neglect Information; 1998. 2. [Full Text].
Jenny C. Cutaneous manifestations of abuse. Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:23-45.
Johnson CF. Inflicted injury versus accidental injury. Pediatr Clin North Am. Aug 1990;37(4):791-814. [Medline].
Knapp JF, Dowd MD. Family violence: implications for the pediatrician. Pediatr Rev. Sep 1998;19(9):316-21. [Medline].
Lazoritz S, Baldwin S, Kini N. The Whiplash Shaken Infant Syndrome: has Caffey's syndrome changed or have we changed his syndrome?. Child Abuse Negl. Oct 1997;21(10):1009-14. [Medline].
Levin AV. Ocular manifestations of child abuse. In: Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:97-107.
Ludwig S. Child abuse. In: Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:1669-1704.
McCormick KF. Attitudes of primary care physicians toward corporal punishment. JAMA. Jun 17 1992;267(23):3161-5. [Medline].
Myers JEB. Expert testimony. In: The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment. 1996:319-40.
Reece RM, Nicholson CE. Inflicted Childhood Neurotrauma. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003.
Reece RM, Sege R. Childhood head injuries: accidental or inflicted?. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Jan 2000;154(1):11-5. [Medline].
Robson MC, Heggers JP. Pathophysiology of the burn wound. In: Carvajal HF, Parks DH, eds. Burns in Children: Pediatric Burn Management. Chicago, IL: Year Book; 1988:27-32.
Schene PA. Past, present, and future roles of child protective services. Future Child. Spring 1998;8(1):23-38. [Medline].
Schwartz AJ, Ricci LR. How accurately can bruises be aged in abused children? Literature review and synthesis. Pediatrics. Feb 1996;97(2):254-7. [Medline].
Sirotnak AP, Krugman RD. Physical abuse of children: an update. Pediatr Rev. Oct 1994;15(10):394-9. [Medline].
Spivak BS. Biomechanics of nonaccidental trauma. In: Ludwig S, Kornberg AE, eds. Child Abuse: A Medical Reference. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1992:61-78.
Stein MT, Perrin EL. Guidance for effective discipline. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Pediatrics. Apr 1998;101(4 Pt 1):723-8. [Medline].
Straus MA. Is violence toward children increasing? A comparison of 1975 and 1985 national survey rates. In: Family Violence. 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1987:78-88.
Torrey SB, Ludwig S. The emergency physician in the courtroom: serving as an expert witness in cases of child abuse. Pediatr Emerg Care. Mar 1987;3(1):50-2. [Medline].
Weston WL, Lane AT, Morelli JG. Color Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. 2nd ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1996.
Wolraich ML, Aceves J, Feldman HM, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. The child in court: a subject review. Pediatrics. Nov 1999;104(5 Pt 1):1145-8. [Medline].
World Report on Violence and Health. World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/full_en.pdf. Accessed December 2, 2008.
Further Reading
Keywords
physical abuse, child maltreatment, child abuse, victimization, physical maltreatment, intentional injury, nonaccidental injury, inflicted injury, fracture, burn, bruise, subdural hematoma, SDH, abusive head trauma, AHT, shaken baby syndrome, SBS, shaking-impact syndrome, maltreatment, domestic violence, corporal punishment, fractures, whiplash syndrome, smoking, severe obesity, physical inactivity, depressed mood, suicide attempts, alcoholism, drug abuse, ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, diabetes, hepatitis, skeletal fractures


























































Multimedia: Child Abuse & Neglect, Physical Abuse