Hypermagnesemia: Multimedia

References

1. Reinhart RA. Magnesium metabolism. Arch Int Med. 1988;148:2415-2420. [Medline].

2. Musso CG. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Int Urol Nephrol. Mar 10 2009;[Medline].

3. Kaze Folefack F, Stoermann Chopard C. [Magnesium metabolism disturbances]. Rev Med Suisse. Mar 7 2007;3(101):605-6, 608, 610-1. [Medline].

4. Moe SM. Disorders involving calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Prim Care. Jun 2008;35(2):215-37, v-vi. [Medline].

5. Navarro-Gonzalez JF, Mora-Fernandez C, Garcia-Perez J. Clinical implications of disordered magnesium homeostasis in chronic renal failure and dialysis. Semin Dial. Jan-Feb 2009;22(1):37-44. [Medline].

6. [Best Evidence] Ford AA, Wylie BJ, Waksmonski CA, Simpson LL. Maternal congenital cardiac disease: outcomes of pregnancy in a single tertiary care center. Obstet Gynecol. Oct 2008;112(4):828-33. [Medline].

7. Corbi G, Acanfora D, Iannuzzi GL, et al. Hypermagnesemia predicts mortality in elderly with congestive heart disease: relationship with laxative and antacid use. Rejuvenation Res. Feb 2008;11(1):129-38. [Medline].

8. Ali A, Walentik C, Mantych GJ, et al. Iatrogenic acute hypermagnesemia after total parenteral nutrition infusion mimicking septic shock syndrome: two case reports. Pediatrics. Jul 2003;112(1 Pt 1):e70-2. [Medline].

9. Durham D, Worthley LI. Cardiac arrhythmias: diagnosis and management. The tachycardias. Crit Care Resusc. Mar 2002;4(1):35-53. [Medline].

10. Henyan NN, Gillespie EL, White CM, et al. Impact of intravenous magnesium on post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. Dec 2005;80(6):2402-6. [Medline].

11. Knochel JP. Disorders of magnesium metabolism. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 1994;2:2187-2189. [Medline].

12. Nadler JL, Rude RK. Disorders of magnesium metabolism. Clinical Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. 1995;24:623-637. [Medline].

13. Rude RK, Singer FR. Magnesium deficiency and excess. Ann Rev Med. 1981;32:245-259. [Medline].

Further Reading

• Relevant clinical guidelines include the following:
  • American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult
  • Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure (update 2005)
• Relevant clinical trials include the following:
  • Evaluation of Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Zinc Absorption in Children
  • Magnesium to Reduce Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Shocks and Improve Patient's Quality of Life
• Related eMedicine topics include the following:
  • Hypermagnesemia (Nephrology)
  • Hypermagnesemia (Emergency Medicine)
  • Renal Failure, Chronic and Dialysis Complications
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Hypomagnesemia

Keywords

hypermagnesemia, magnesium, Mg, elevated serum magnesium, acute renal failure, fatal hypermagnesemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, pregnancy-induced hypertension, renal insufficiency, eclampsia, respiratory depression, heart block, asystole, hypotension, treatment, diagnosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Anastasios K Konstantakos, MD, Clinical Associate Surgeon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Billings Clinic, Billings, Montana
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Phyllis W Speiser, MD, Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology, Schneider Children's Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine
Phyllis W Speiser, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Endocrine Society, Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

George P Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, FRCP(London), Professor and Chair, First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Greece
George P Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, FRCP(London) is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Endocrinology, American College of Physicians, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Association of American Physicians, Endocrine Society, Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Merrily P M Poth, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Merrily P M Poth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Endocrine Society, and Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Stephen Kemp, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arkansas and Arkansas Children's Hospital
Stephen Kemp, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Pediatric Society, Endocrine Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Southern Medical Association, and Southern Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Genentech, Inc. Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer, Inc. Honoraria Consulting