Frostbite: Multimedia

References

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Further Reading

The guideline First Aid: 2005 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations contains information on frostbite treatment.

Keywords

frostbite, freezing, high-altitude mountaineering frostbite, freezing injury, general frostbite, cutaneous vasodilation, frostbite injury, reperfusion injury, hypothermia, frostnip, exposure to extreme cold, perniosis, hypothermia, hypoxia, neurapraxia, reperfusion inflammatory injury, edema, cold insensitivity, paresthesia, muscle atrophy, hyperhidrosis, anhidrosis, blister, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, vascular disease, treatment, diagnosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

David Cheng, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Associate Emergency Medicine Residency Director, Associate Medical Director of Emergency Services, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
David Cheng, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Heart Association, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, International Society for Mountain Medicine, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Tonya M Thompson, MD, MA, Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine; Associate Fellowship Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship; Associate Medical Director, The PULSE Simulation Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine
Tonya M Thompson, MD, MA is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Women's Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Southern Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ramy Yakobi, MD, MBA, Medical Director of Emergency Department, Beth Israel/Kings Highway Division; Lecturer, Physician Assistant School, Cornell School of Medicine; Lecturer, Pre-hospital Management of Patient, Cornell/New York Presbyterian Hospital; Director of Emergency Department, New York Community Hospital
Ramy Yakobi, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Harold K Simon, MD, MBA, Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Associate Division Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Director of Research, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston
Harold K Simon, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH, Clinical Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati
Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP, Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine
Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society of Hospital Medicine
Disclosure: Baxter Honoraria Consulting

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD, Director, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.