Pediatric Fulminant Hepatic Failure Differential Diagnoses

  • Author: Hisham Nazer, MB, BCh, FRCP, DCh, DTM&H; Chief Editor: Carmen Cuffari, MD   more...
 
Updated: Mar 29, 2011
 
 

Diagnostic Considerations

The atypical presentation of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in neonates and young infants accounts for the occasional delay in diagnosis or even in missed diagnosis.

Differential Diagnoses

Proceed to Workup
 
 
Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Hisham Nazer, MB, BCh, FRCP, DCh, DTM&H  Professor of Pediatrics, Consultant in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Bushnaq Medical Centre, University of Jordan

Hisham Nazer, MB, BCh, FRCP, DCh, DTM&H is a member of the following medical societies: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Dena Nazer, MD  Medical Director, Child Protection Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan; Assistant Professor, Wayne State University

Dena Nazer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, and Helfer Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Jayant Deodhar, MD  Associate Professor in Pediatrics, BJ Medical College, India; Honorary Consultant, Departments of Pediatrics and Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, India

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD  Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Carmen Cuffari, MD  Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Carmen Cuffari, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References
  1. Gotthardt D, Riediger C, Weiss KH, Encke J, Schemmer P, Schmidt J, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure: etiology and indications for liver transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Sep 2007;22 Suppl 8:viii5-viii8. [Medline].

  2. Cochran JB, Losek JD. Acute liver failure in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. Feb 2007;23(2):129-35. [Medline].

  3. Lee WS, McKiernan P, Kelly DA. Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of childhood fulminant hepatic failure in the United kingdom. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. May 2005;40(5):575-81. [Medline].

  4. Baker A, Alonso ME, Aw MM, et al. Hepatic failure and liver transplant: Working Group report of the second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Jun 2004;39 Suppl 2:S632-9. [Medline].

  5. Dhawan A, Cheeseman P, Mieli-Vergani G. Approaches to acute liver failure in children. Pediatr Transplant. Dec 2004;8(6):584-8. [Medline].

  6. Latif N, Mehmood K. Risk factors for fulminant hepatic failure and their relation with outcome in children. J Pak Med Assoc. Mar 2010;60(3):175-8. [Medline].

  7. Goss JA, Shackleton CR, Maggard M, et al. Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in the pediatric patient. Arch Surg. Aug 1998;133(8):839-46. [Medline].

  8. Baccarani U, Adani GL, Sainz M, et al. Human hepatocyte transplantation for acute liver failure: state of the art and analysis of cell sources. Transplant Proc. Jul-Aug 2005;37(6):2702-4. [Medline].

  9. Faraj W, Dar F, Bartlett A, Melendez HV, Marangoni G, Mukherji D, et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure in children. Ann Surg. Feb 2010;251(2):351-6. [Medline].

  10. Hattori H, Higuchi Y, Tsuji M, et al. Living-related liver transplantation and neurological outcome in children with fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation. Mar 15 1998;65(5):686-92. [Medline].

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