eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Surgery > General Surgery
Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective: Follow-up
Updated: Jul 6, 2006
Outcome and Prognosis
Crohn disease is a chronic, incurable condition. Among children with juvenile-onset Crohn disease, 86% require surgical intervention with 15 years of disease onset. Although our understanding of the disease is incomplete, advances in medical therapies and surgical procedures have led to additional treatment options for patients. With proper treatment, most achieve a healthy height and weight, and the mortality rate for the disease is low.
More on Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
| Overview: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
| Workup: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
| Treatment: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
Follow-up: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
| Multimedia: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective |
| References |
| « Previous Page | Next Page » |
References
Aleali M, Milsom JW. Laparoscopic surgery in Crohn''s disease. Surg Clin North Am. Feb 2001;81(1):217-30, x. [Medline].
Aufses AH Jr. The history of Crohn''s disease. Surg Clin North Am. Feb 2001;81(1):1-11, vii. [Medline].
Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. Apr 2001;96(4):1116-22. [Medline].
Bernstein LH, Frank MS, Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. Healing of perineal Crohn''s disease with metronidazole. Gastroenterology. Sep 1980;79(3):599. [Medline].
Bond JH. Colorectal cancer update. Prevention, screening, treatment, and surveillance for high-risk groups. Med Clin North Am. Sep 2000;84(5):1163-82, viii. [Medline].
Brynskov J, Freund L, Rasmussen SN, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of cyclosporine therapy in active chronic Crohn''s disease. N Engl J Med. Sep 28 1989;321(13):845-50. [Medline].
Chen HH, Wexner SD, Iroatulam AJ, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy compares favorably with colectomy by laparotomy for reduction of postoperative ileus. Dis Colon Rectum. Jan 2000;43(1):61-5. [Medline].
Church JM. Molecular genetics and Crohn''s disease. Surg Clin North Am. Feb 2001;81(1):31-8, vii-viii. [Medline].
Couckuyt H, Gevers AM, Coremans G, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydrostatic balloon dilatation of ileocolonic Crohn''s strictures: a prospective long-term analysis. Gut. Apr 1995;36(4):577-80. [Medline].
D''haens G, Van Deventer S, Van Hogezand R, et al. Endoscopic and histological healing with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in Crohn''s disease: A European multicenter trial. Gastroenterology. May 1999;116(5):1029-34. [Medline].
Davis RL, Kramarz P, Bohlke K, et al. Measles-mumps-rubella and other measles-containing vaccines do not increase the risk for inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study from the Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Mar 2001;155(3):354-9. [Medline].
Ewe K, Herfarth C, Malchow H, Jesdinsky HJ. Postoperative recurrence of Crohn''s disease in relation to radicality of operation and sulfasalazine prophylaxis: a multicenter trial. Digestion. 1989;42(4):224-32. [Medline].
Fellermann K, Ludwig D, Stahl M, et al. Steroid-unresponsive acute attacks of inflammatory bowel disease: immunomodulation by tacrolimus (FK506). Am J Gastroenterol. Oct 1998;93(10):1860-6. [Medline].
Florie J, Horsthuis K, Hommes DW, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging compared with ileocolonoscopy in evaluating disease severity in Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Dec 2005;3(12):1221-8. [Medline].
Garcia JC, Persky SE, Bonis PA, Topazian M. Abscesses in Crohn''s disease: outcome of medical versus surgical treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol. May-Jun 2001;32(5):409-12. [Medline].
Gavin J, Anderson CE, Bremner AR, Beattie RM. Energy intakes of children with Crohn's disease treated with enteral nutrition as primary therapy. J Hum Nutr Diet. Oct 2005;18(5):337-42. [Medline].
Georgeson KE, Cohen RD, Hebra A, et al. Primary laparoscopic-assisted endorectal colon pull-through for Hirschsprung''s disease: a new gold standard. Ann Surg. May 1999;229(5):678-82; discussion 682-3. [Medline].
IBD Working Group. Working Group of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations for Diagnosis-The Porto Criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41:1-7.
Lang KA, Peppercorn MA. Promising new agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders. Drugs R D. Mar 1999;1(3):237-44. [Medline].
Langer JC. Crohn disease. In: Surgery of Infants and Children. Philadelphia, Pa:. Lippincott-Raven;1997:1253.
Langer JC, Seifert M, Minkes RK. One-stage Soave pull-through for Hirschsprung''s disease: a comparison of the transanal and open approaches. J Pediatr Surg. Jun 2000;35(6):820-2. [Medline].
Lemberg DA, Clarkson CM, Bohane TD, Day AS. Role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial assessment of children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. Nov 2005;20(11):1696-700. [Medline].
Lindberg E, Jarnerot G, Huitfeldt B. Smoking in Crohn''s disease: effect on localisation and clinical course. Gut. Jun 1992;33(6):779-82. [Medline].
Liu CD, Rolandelli R, Ashley SW, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. Am Surg. Dec 1995;61(12):1054-6. [Medline].
Lowney JK, Dietz DW, Birnbaum EH, et al. Is there any difference in recurrence rates in laparoscopic ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease compared with conventional surgery? A long-term, follow-up study. Dis Colon Rectum. Jan 2006;49(1):58-63. [Medline].
Markowitz J, Markowitz JE, Bousvaros A, et al. Workshop report: prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Aug 2005;41(2):145-51. [Medline].
McClane SJ, Rombeau JL. Anorectal Crohn''s disease. Surg Clin North Am. Feb 2001;81(1):169-83, ix. [Medline].
Paerregaard A, Uldall Urne F. Anthropometry at the time of diagnosis in Danish children with inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Paediatr. Nov 2005;94(11):1682-3. [Medline].
Pilleul F, Godefroy C, Yzebe-Beziat D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. Aug-Sep 2005;29(8-9):803-8. [Medline].
Present DH, Korelitz BI, Wisch N, et al. Treatment of Crohn''s disease with 6-mercaptopurine. A long-term, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med. May 1 1980;302(18):981-7. [Medline].
Present DH, Rutgeerts P, Targan S, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn''s disease. N Engl J Med. May 6 1999;340(18):1398-405. [Medline].
Reif S, Lavy A, Keter D, et al. Appendectomy is more frequent but not a risk factor in Crohn''s disease while being protective in ulcerative colitis: a comparison of surgical procedures in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. Mar 2001;96(3):829-32. [Medline].
Rutgeerts P, Hiele M, Geboes K, et al. Controlled trial of metronidazole treatment for prevention of Crohn''s recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology. Jun 1995;108(6):1617-21. [Medline].
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Hanauer SB, et al. An engineered human antibody to TNF (CDP571) for active Crohn's disease: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1330-1338. [Medline].
Sardinha TC, Wexner SD. Laparoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease: pros and cons. World J Surg. 1998;22:370-374. [Medline].
Solem CA, Loftus EV, Tremaine WJ, et al. Correlation of C-reactive protein with clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Aug 2005;11(8):707-12. [Medline].
Song HK, Buzby GP. Nutritional support for Crohn's disease. Surg Clin North Am. 2001;81:103-115. [Medline].
Stronkhorst A, Radema S, Yong SL, et al. CD4 antibody treatment in patients with active Crohn''s disease: a phase 1 dose finding study. Gut. Mar 1997;40(3):320-7. [Medline].
Tromm A, May D, Almus E, et al. Cutaneous manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Z Gastroenterol. Feb 2001;39(2):137-44. [Medline].
Van Heel DA, McGovern DP, Jewell DP. Crohn''s disease: genetic susceptibility, bacteria, and innate immunity. Lancet. Jun 16 2001;357(9272):1902-4. [Medline].
Vasiliauskas EA, Kam LY, Abreu-Martin MT, et al. An open-label pilot study of low-dose thalidomide in chronically active, steroid-dependent Crohn''s disease. Gastroenterology. Dec 1999;117(6):1278-87. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
Crohn disease, Crohn's disease, regional ileitis, inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, Crohn's inflammation, Crohn inflammation, Crohn colitis, Crohn's colitis, toxic megacolon
Follow-up: Crohn Disease: Surgical Perspective