eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Genetics and Metabolic Disease > Metabolic Diseases

Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency: Follow-up

Author: Robert J Ferry Jr, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center at Memphis and St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Lieutenant Colonel (Medical Corps), 162nd Area Support Medical Company, Army National Guard
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jul 1, 2008

Follow-up

Further Inpatient Care

  • Challenge with fructose or a fasting study should be performed only under the close supervision of a pediatric endocrinologist or metabolic specialist in an inpatient setting.
  • Several Asian countries use glycerol solution containing 5% fructose to manage cerebral edema. Such solutions should not be administered to infants and children because most patients with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) deficiency are undiagnosed. These agents can be fatal.

Deterrence/Prevention

  • Avoidance of food that contains fructose prevents the metabolic crisis that results from this disorder.

Complications

  • Fatal hepatic or renal injury has been reported from the metabolic crisis associated with FDPase deficiency.

Prognosis

  • With prompt diagnosis of this disorder, the prognosis is excellent. 
  • Several successful pregnancies in affected mothers have been reported.8

Patient Education

  • Parents and patients should be counseled by a dietitian regarding the fructose and sorbitol content of various foods.

Miscellaneous

Medicolegal Pitfalls

  • Failure to make the diagnosis
  • Inappropriate administration of fructose- or sucrose-containing foods to an affected individual, which may precipitate a crisis of metabolic acidosis with hypoglycemia

Special Concerns

  • Parenteral administration of fructose or sorbitol to a patient with fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) deficiency can be fatal.
  • Sorbitol is a constituent of many basic foodstuffs. The content of sorbitol is usually sufficiently low to be of no clinical consequence with appropriate intake of other sugars.
 


More on Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency

Overview: Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
Treatment & Medication: Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
Follow-up: Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
References
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References

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  2. el-Maghrabi MR, Lange AJ, Jiang W, et al. Human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene (FBP1): exon-intron organization, localization to chromosome bands 9q22.2-q22.3, and mutation screening in subjects with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. Genomics. Jun 10 1995;27(3):520-5. [Medline].

  3. Herzog B, Morris AA, Saunders C, Eschrich K. Mutation spectrum in patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001;24:87-88. [Medline].

  4. Kikawa Y, Inuzuka M, Jin BY, et al. Identification of genetic mutations in Japanese patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1997;61:852-861. [Medline].

  5. Santamaria R, Esposito G, Vitagliano L, et al. Functional and molecular modelling studies of two hereditary fructose intolerance-causing mutations at arginine 303 in human liver aldolase. Biochem J. Sep 15 2000;350 Pt 3:823-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].

  6. Iga M, Kimura M, Ohura T, et al. Rapid, simplified and sensitive method for screening fructose-1,6- diphosphatase deficiency by analyzing urinary metabolites in urease/direct preparations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring mode. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. Sep 1 2000;746(1):75-82. [Medline].

  7. Kikawa Y, Shin YS, Inuzuka M, et al. Diagnosis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency using cultured lymphocyte fraction: a secure and noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002;25:41-46. [Medline].

  8. Krishnamurthy V, Eschrich K, Boney A, Sullivan J, McDonald M, Kishnani PS, et al. Three successful pregnancies through dietary management of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. Oct 2007;30(5):819. [Medline].

  9. Beatty ME, Zhang YH, McCabe ER, Steiner RD. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency and glyceroluria: one possible etiology for GIS. Mol Genet Metab. 2000;69:338-340. [Medline].

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  11. Boesiger P, Buchli R, Meier D, et al. Changes of liver metabolite concentrations in adults with disorders of fructose metabolism after intravenous fructose by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res. Oct 1994;36(4):436-40. [Medline].

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  20. Kinugasa A, Kusunoki T, Iwashima A. Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase found in a case of hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1979;13:1361-1364. [Medline].

  21. Krywawych S, Katz G, Lawson AM, et al. Glycerol-3-phosphate excretion in fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiencY. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1986;9:388-392. [Medline].

  22. Lund AM, Leonard JV. False positive fructose loading: a pitfall in the diagnosis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000;23:634-635. [Medline].

  23. Morris AA, Deshphande S, Ward-Platt MP, et al. Impaired ketogenesis in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency: a pitfall in the investigation of hypoglycaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18:28-32. [Medline].

  24. Nagai T, Yokoyama T, Hasegawa T, et al. Fructose and glucagon loading in siblings with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency in fed state. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15:720-722. [Medline].

  25. Nakai A, Shigematsu Y, Liu YY, et al. Urinary sugar phosphates and related organic acids in fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16:408-414. [Medline].

  26. Nitzan O, Saliba WR, Goldstein LH, Elias MS. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency: a rare cause of prolonged prothrombin time. Ann Hematol. 2004;83:302-303. [Medline].

  27. van den Berghe G. Disorders of gluconeogenesis. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19:470-477. [Medline].

  28. van Poelje PD, Potter SC, Chandramouli VC, et al. Inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase reduces excessive endogenous glucose production and attenuates hyperglycemia in zucker diabetic Fatty rats. Diabetes. 2006;55:1747-1754. [Medline].

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Further Reading

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Keywords

fructose 1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, FDPase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, Baker's disease, Baker disease, Baker-Winegrad disease, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, glucose homeostasis, FDPase, hypoglycemia, acidosis, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, lactic acidosis, glyceroluria, metabolic acidosis

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Robert J Ferry Jr, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center at Memphis and St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Lieutenant Colonel (Medical Corps), 162nd Area Support Medical Company, Army National Guard
Robert J Ferry Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Association, Endocrine Society, Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, Society for Pediatric Research, and Texas Pediatric Society
Disclosure: Nutropin Speakers Bureau Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Medical Editor

Michael Fasullo, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ordway Research Institute; Associate Professor, State University of New York at Albany; Adjunct Associate Professor, Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College
Michael Fasullo, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Radiation Research Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine.com, Inc
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from broker recommendation; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from broker recommendation

Managing Editor

David Flannery, MD, FAAP, FACMG, Vice Chair of Education, Chief, Section of Medical Genetics, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia
David Flannery, MD, FAAP, FACMG is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Medical Genetics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP, Consulting Staff, Freeman Pediatric Care, Freeman Health System
Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Osteopathy, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, and American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Bruce Buehler, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Microbiology, Executive Director, Hattie B Munroe Center for Human Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Bruce Buehler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association on Mental Retardation, American College of Medical Genetics, American College of Physician Executives, American Medical Association, and Nebraska Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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