Hypochloremic Alkalosis: Multimedia

References

1. Al-Abbad A, Nazer H, Sanjad SA, Al-Sabban E. Congenital chloride diarrhea: A single center experience with ten patients. Ann Saudi Med. Sep 1995;15(5):466-9. [Medline].

2. [Guideline] Grosse SD, Boyle CA, Botkin JR, et al. Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: evaluation of benefits and risks and recommendations for state newborn screening programs. MMWR Recomm Rep. Oct 15 2004;53:1-36. [Medline].

3. Aranzamendi RJ, Breitman F, Asciutto C, Delgado N, Castanos C. [Dehydration and metabolic alkalosis: an unusual presentation of cystic fibrosis in an infant]. Arch Argent Pediatr. Oct 2008;106(5):443-6. [Medline].

4. Naesens M, Steels P, Verberckmoes R. Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes: from gene to clinic. Nephron Physiol. 2004;96(3):p65-78. [Medline].

5. Hulka F, Campbell TJ, Campbell JR, Harrison MW. Evolution in the recognition of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Pediatrics. Aug 1997;100(2):E9. [Medline].

6. Hoglund P, Haila S, Socha J, et al. Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea. Nat Genet. Nov 1996;14(3):316-9. [Medline].

7. Makela S, Kere J, Holmberg C. SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea. Hum Mutat. Dec 2002;20(6):425-38. [Medline].

8. Simon DB, Bindra RS, Mansfield TA, et al. Mutations in the chloride channel gene, CLCNKB, cause Bartter's syndrome type III. Nat Genet. Oct 1997;17(2):171-8. [Medline].

9. Hanna JD, Scheinman JI, Chan JC. The kidney in acid-base balance. Pediatr Clin North Am. Dec 1995;42(6):1365-95. [Medline].

10. Jacobson HR. Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis. In: Seldin DW, Gieb G, eds. The Regulation of Acid-Base Balance. Lippincott-Raven; 1989:431-57.

11. Rose BD. Causes of metabolic alkalosis. UpToDate. Available at http://www.uptodate.com/.

12. Rose BD. Treatment of metabolic alkalosis. UpToDate. Available at http://www.uptodate.com/.

13. Rose BD. Urine electrolytes in diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis. UpToDate. Available at http://www.uptodate.com/.

14. Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM, et al. Bartter's syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. Nat Genet. Jun 1996;13(2):183-8. [Medline].

15. Wang J, Cortina G, Wu SV, et al. Mutant neurogenin-3 in congenital malabsorptive diarrhea. N Engl J Med. Jul 20 2006;355(3):270-80. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

contraction alkalosis, congenital metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, acid-base disorder, chronic metabolic alkalosis, acute metabolic alkalosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, nasogastric tube suctioning, low chloride intake, excessive chloride wasting, failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux, pyloric stenosis, polyhydramnios, cystic fibrosis, Bartter syndrome, congenital chloride-losing diarrhea, CLD, anorexia, chronic dehydration, hypopnea, nephrocalcinosis, interstitial nephropathy, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, neonatal jaundice, hypotonia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hepatomegaly, treatment, diagnosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Robert J Ferry Jr, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center at Memphis, and St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Field Surgeon (Medical Corps), 162nd Area Support Medical Company, Army National Guard
Robert J Ferry Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Association, Endocrine Society, Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, Society for Pediatric Research, and Texas Pediatric Society
Disclosure: Nutropin Speakers Bureau Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genotropin Speakers Bureau Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Eli Lilly & Co. Grant/research funds Independent contractor; MacroGenics, Inc. Grant/research funds Independent contractor; Ipsen, S.A. (formerly Tercica, Inc.) Grant/research funds Independent contractor

Coauthor(s)

Abbas AlAbbad, MD, Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abbas AlAbbad, MD is a member of the following medical societies: International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Christian J Renner, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Erlangen, Germany
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Leonard G Feld, MD, PhD, MMM, FAAP, Sara H Bissell and Howard C Bissell Endowed Chair in Pediatrics, Chief Medical Officer, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center
Leonard G Feld, MD, PhD, MMM, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Physician Executives, American Society of Nephrology, American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, International Society of Nephrology, and Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP, Consulting Staff, Freeman Pediatric Care, Freeman Health System
Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Osteopathy, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, and American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Bruce Buehler, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Microbiology, Executive Director, Hattie B Munroe Center for Human Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Bruce Buehler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association on Mental Retardation, American College of Medical Genetics, American College of Physician Executives, American Medical Association, and Nebraska Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.