Genetics of Propionic Acidemia (Propionyl CoA Carboxylase Deficiency) Treatment & Management
- Author: Karl S Roth, MD; Chief Editor: Bruce Buehler, MD more...
Medical Care
- Most patients with propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (propionic acidemia) are so ill at presentation that they have already been admitted to a hospital, which should facilitate appropriate diagnosis and early treatment.
- Because the usual major metabolic precursors of propionic acid are the essential amino acids (isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine), halt all protein ingestion and emphasize alternative sources of calories on a temporary basis.
- Ketoacidosis is best treated with increased carbohydrate calories, bicarbonate replacement, and increased fluids to enhance excretion. In severely ill patients, metabolic reversal can be expedited by an insulin drip, but this should only be administered in an intensive care setting.
- Reinitiate protein feeding to a level of protein no greater than 1.5 g/kg/d after the patient's condition has normalized. From this point, the patient should be under the care of a biochemical geneticist who may prescribe a special diet prior to discharge.
Consultations
- Biochemical geneticist
- Nutritionist
Diet
- Appropriate dietary management is the mainstay of treatment.
- Several commercially produced formulas are available that provide a protein supplement without any of the 4 amino acids that result in propionate production. However, because they are all essential in humans, closely monitored quantities of isoleucine, valine, threonine, and methionine must be added. For this reason, collaboration between the biochemical geneticist and the nutritionist is imperative.
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