eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Genetics and Metabolic Disease > Metabolic Diseases
GM1 Gangliosidosis: Treatment & Medication
Updated: Jun 8, 2009
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
Treatment
Medical Care
- Currently, no effective medical treatment is available for the underlying disorder in patients with G M1 gangliosidosis. Bone marrow transplantation was successful in an individual with infantile/juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis; however, no long-term benefit was reported.13 Presymptomatic cord-blood hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been advocated by some as a possible treatment because of success in other lysosomal storage disorders.14
- Symptomatic treatment for some neurologic sequelae is available but does not significantly alter the clinical course.
- Active research in the areas of enzyme replacement and gene therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis is ongoing but has not advanced to human trials.2
Consultations
- Clinical geneticist - For initial evaluation and diagnosis, to counsel families regarding recurrence risk, and to help provide prenatal testing for future pregnancies
- Neurologist - For symptomatic therapy of multiple neurologic sequelae
- Cardiologist - To evaluate for cardiomyopathy
- Orthopedist - To evaluate for dysostosis multiplex
- Ophthalmologist - To evaluate for ocular stigmata
- Otolaryngologist and audiologist - To assess for hearing loss15
Diet
- No specific dietary modifications have been shown to significantly alter the clinical course.
- Infants may ultimately require tube feeding to provide adequate intake of energy; however, nutritional support does not change the disease course, and some families may choose to forgo invasive alimentation procedures.
Activity
- Neurologic and orthopedic sequelae may preclude adequate physical activity, and patients may benefit from physical and occupational therapy.
Medication
- Currently, drug therapy is not a component of the standard of care for this condition.
More on GM1 Gangliosidosis |
| Overview: GM1 Gangliosidosis |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: GM1 Gangliosidosis |
Treatment & Medication: GM1 Gangliosidosis |
| Follow-up: GM1 Gangliosidosis |
| References |
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References
Suzuki Y, Oshima A, Nanba E. B-Galactosidase deficiency (B-Galactosidosis): GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease. In: Scriver CR, Sly WS, Valle D, et al, eds. The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Professional; 2001:3775-810.
Brunetti-Pierri N, Scaglia F. GM1 gangliosidosis: review of clinical, molecular, and therapeutic aspects. Mol Genet Metab. Aug 2008;94(4):391-6. [Medline].
Suzuki K. Neuropathology of late onset gangliosidoses. A review. Dev Neurosci. 1991;13(4-5):205-10. [Medline].
Muthane U, Chickabasaviah Y, Kaneski C, et al. Clinical features of adult GM1 gangliosidosis: report of three Indian patients and review of 40 cases. Mov Disord. Nov 2004;19(11):1334-41. [Medline].
Roze E, Paschke E, Lopez N, et al. Dystonia and parkinsonism in GM1 type 3 gangliosidosis. Mov Disord. Oct 2005;20(10):1366-9. [Medline].
Lenicker HM, Vassallo Agius P, Young EP, Attard Montalto SP. Infantile generalized GM1 gangliosidosis: high incidence in the Maltese Islands. J Inherit Metab Dis. Sep 1997;20(5):723-4. [Medline].
Severini MH, Silva CD, Sopelsa A, et al. High frequency of type 1 GM1 gangliosidosis in southern Brazil. Clin Genet. Aug 1999;56(2):168-9. [Medline].
Hanson M, Lupski JR, Hicks J, Metry D. Association of dermal melanocytosis with lysosomal storage disease: clinical features and hypotheses regarding pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol. Jul 2003;139(7):916-20. [Medline].
Snow TM. Mongolian spots in the newborn: do they mean anything?. Neonatal Netw. Jan-Feb 2005;24(1):31-3. [Medline].
Suzuki Y, Sakuraba H, Oshima A, et al. Clinical and molecular heterogeneity in hereditary beta-galactosidase deficiency. Dev Neurosci. 1991;13(4-5):299-303. [Medline].
Chamoles NA, Blanco MB, Iorcansky S, et al. Retrospective diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis by use of a newborn-screening card. Clin Chem. Nov 2001;47(11):2068. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Morrone A, Bardelli T, Donati MA, et al. Beta-galactosidase gene mutations affecting the lysosomal enzyme and the elastin-binding protein in GM1-gangliosidosis patients with cardiac involvement. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(4):354-66. [Medline].
Shield JP, Stone J, Steward CG. Bone marrow transplantation correcting beta-galactosidase activity does not influence neurological outcome in juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(5):797-8. [Medline].
Wynn RF, Wraith JE, Mercer J, et al. Improved metabolic correction in patients with lysosomal storage disease treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant compared with enzyme replacement therapy. J Pediatr. Apr 2009;154(4):609-11. [Medline].
[Guideline] Cunningham M, Cox EO. Hearing assessment in infants and children: recommendations beyond neonatal screening. Pediatrics. Feb 2003;111(2):436-40. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
GM1 gangliosidosis, acid beta-galactosidase-1 deficiency, GLB1 deficiency, Morquio disease type B, Norman-Landing disease, Landing disease, lysosomal storage disorder, ganglioside accumulation, oligosaccharide accumulation, mucopolysaccharide accumulation, keratan sulfate, dementia, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized skeletal dysplasia, macular cherry-red spots, scoliosis, treatment, diagnosis
Treatment & Medication: GM1 Gangliosidosis