Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome Medication

  • Author: John K Wu, MBBS, MSc, FRCP(C); Chief Editor: Robert J Arceci, MD, PhD   more...
 
Updated: Apr 16, 2012
 

Medication Summary

The use of antifibrinolytic agents and synthetic antidiuretic hormones may be indicated.

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Antifibrinolytic agents

Class Summary

Antifibrinolytic agents decrease bleeding and transfusion requirements and help establish hemostasis. They are especially useful for controlling bleeding or prolonged oozing from gingival surfaces (eg, during teething in infants).

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Aminocaproic acid (Amicar)

 

Competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen to plasmin.

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Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron)

 

Competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen to plasmin.

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Synthetic antidiuretic hormones

Class Summary

Synthetic antidiuretic hormones nonspecifically enhance hemostasis by stimulating the release of von Willebrand factor. Desmopressin stimulates the release of factor VIII, prostaglandins, and plasminogen. However, the mechanism of action is not clear, and it may not be common to all 3 substances. These agents affect vascular walls, increasing platelet adhesion. This local hemostatic action may account for their hemostatic properties.

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Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

 

Increases plasma factor VIII levels, promoting platelet aggregation. Intranasal route not recommended because of unproven efficacy in small infants. Only concentrated form (150 mcg/spray) enhances hemostasis.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

John K Wu, MBBS, MSc, FRCP(C)  Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology-BMT, University of British Columbia, Canada

John K Wu, MBBS, MSc, FRCP(C) is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Hematology and Canadian Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michelle P Wong, MD  Staff Physician, Department of Hematopathology, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Suzan Williams, MD, MSc, FRCPC  Staff Physician, Division of Hematology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada

Suzan Williams, MD, MSc, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society of Hematology, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Paediatric Society, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Ontario Medical Association, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

J Martin Johnston, MD  Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Mercer University School of Medicine; Director of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Memorial University Medical Center; Consulting Oncologist/Hematologist, St Damien's Pediatric Hospital

J Martin Johnston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD  Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James L Harper, MD  Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Associate Chairman for Education, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine; Director, Continuing Medical Education, Children's Memorial Hospital; Pediatric Director, Nebraska Regional Hemophilia Treatment Center

James L Harper, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Cancer Research, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Society of Hematology, American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics, and Hemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Helen SI Chan, MBBS, FRCP(C), FAAP  Associate Senior Scientist, Research Institute; Professor, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Canada

Helen SI Chan, MBBS, FRCP(C), FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Cancer Research, American Society of Hematology, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Robert J Arceci, MD, PhD  King Fahd Professor of Pediatric Oncology, Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology and the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Robert J Arceci, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Pediatric Society, American Society of Hematology, and American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  2. Sekine I, Hagiwara T, Miyazaki H, et al. Thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome: studies on serum thrombopoietin levels and megakaryopoiesis in vitro. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. Jan-Feb 1998;20(1):74-8. [Medline].

  3. Letestu R, Vitrat N, Masse A, et al. Existence of a differentiation blockage at the stage of a megakaryocyte precursor in the thrombocytopenia and absent radii (TAR) syndrome. Blood. Mar 1 2000;95(5):1633-41. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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  7. Guastadisegni MC, Roberto R, L'Abbate A, Palumbo O, Carella M, Giordani L, et al. Thrombocytopenia-absent-radius syndrome in a child showing a larger 1q21.1 deletion than the one in his healthy mother, and a significant downregulation of the commonly deleted genes. Eur J Med Genet. Feb 2012;55(2):120-3. [Medline].

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  14. Weinblatt M, Petrikovsky B, Bialer M, et al. Prenatal evaluation and in utero platelet transfusion for thrombocytopenia absent radii syndrome. Prenat Diagn. Sep 1994;14(9):892-6. [Medline].

  15. Coccia P, Ruggiero A, Mastrangelo S, Attinà G, Scalzone M, Pittiruti M, et al. Management of children with thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome: an institutional experience. J Paediatr Child Health. Feb 2012;48(2):166-9. [Medline].

  16. Dempfle CE, Burck C, Grutzmacher T et al. Increase in platelet count in response to rHuEpo in patient with thromboctopenia and absent radii syndrome. Blood. 2001;97 (7):2189-90. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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  21. McLaurin TM, Bukrey CD, Lovett RJ, Mochel DM. Management of thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop. May-Jun 1999;19(3):289-96. [Medline].

  22. Urban M, Opitz C, Bommer C, et al. Bilaterally cleft lip, limb defects, and haematological manifestations: Roberts syndrome versus TAR syndrome. Am J Med Genet. Sep 23 1998;79(3):155-60. [Medline].

 
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Infant with thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome. The arms and forearms are shortened, with radial deviation of both hands because of the absence of bilateral radii. The legs are normal. See also Media files 2 and 3.
Same infant as in Media files 1 and 3. Close-up photograph of arm and forearm (volar aspect). Note the petechiae.
Same infant as in Media files 1 and 2. Close-up photograph of arm and forearm (dorsal aspect).
 
 
 
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