Pediatric Osteomyelitis Medication

  • Author: Sabah Kalyoussef, DO; Chief Editor: Russell W Steele, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jul 27, 2010
 

Antibiotics

Class Summary

Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.

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Nafcillin (Nafcil, Nallpen, Unipen)

 

Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active multiplication, causing cell wall death and resultant bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria.

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Clindamycin (Cleocin)

 

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by its action at the bacterial ribosome. The antibiotic binds preferentially to the 50S ribosomal subunit and affects the process of peptide chain initiation.

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Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)

 

First-generation semisynthetic cephalosporin that arrests bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibiting bacterial growth. Primarily active against skin flora, including S aureus. Typically used alone for skin and skin-structure coverage.

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Vancomycin (Vancocin)

 

Inhibits cell wall synthesis. It is accomplished by binding to carboxyl units on peptide subunits containing free D-alanyl-D-alanine.

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Cefotaxime (Claforan)

 

Third-generation cephalosporin with gram-negative spectrum. Lower efficacy against gram-positive organisms. Binds to PBPs, inhibiting bacterial cell wall growth.

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Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

 

Third-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum, gram-negative activity; lower efficacy against gram-positive organisms; higher efficacy against resistant organisms. Binds to PBPs, inhibiting bacterial cell wall growth.

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Cefuroxime (Kefurox, Zinacef)

 

Second-generation cephalosporin maintains gram-positive activity that first-generation cephalosporins have. Binds to PBPs, inhibiting bacterial cell wall growth

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Ceftazidime (Ceptaz, Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime)

 

Third-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum, gram-negative activity; lower efficacy against gram-positive organisms; higher efficacy against resistant organisms. Binds to PBPs, inhibiting bacterial cell wall growth.

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Tobramycin (Nebcin)

 

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to bacterial 30S and 50S ribosomes.

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Gentamicin (Garamycin)

 

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to bacterial 30S and 50S ribosomes.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Sabah Kalyoussef, DO  Fellow in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital at Montefiore

Sabah Kalyoussef, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Robert W Tolan Jr, MD  Chief, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Saint Peter's University Hospital; Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine

Robert W Tolan Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Physicians for Social Responsibility

Disclosure: GlaxoSmithKline Honoraria Speaking and teaching; MedImmune Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Sanofi Pasteur Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Baxter Healthcare Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Novartis Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Specialty Editor Board

Gary J Noel, MD  Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Associate Professor, Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Gary J Noel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD  Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joseph Domachowske, MD  Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Joseph Domachowske, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP  Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society of Hospital Medicine

Disclosure: Baxter Honoraria Consulting

Chief Editor

Russell W Steele, MD  Head, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Children's Health Center; Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, and Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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