Failure to Thrive: Multimedia

References

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4. Leung DH, Chung CT. Cases in pediatric gastroenterology from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: a 2-year-old boy with diarrhea, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly. Medscape J Med. 2009;11(1):13. [Medline].

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6. Munoz-Hoyos A, Molina-Carballo A, Uberos J, et al. Serum melatonin concentration in the child with non-organic failure to thrive: comparison with other types of stress. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. Jan-Mar 2009;23(1):15-22. [Medline].

7. Skuse DH. Non-organic failure to thrive: a reappraisal. Arch Dis Child. Feb 1985;60(2):173-8. [Medline].

8. Black MM, Dubowitz H, Hutcheson J, et al. A randomized clinical trial of home intervention for children with failure to thrive. Pediatr. 1995;95(6):807-814. [Medline].

9. Raynor P, Rudolf MC, Cooper K. A randomised controlled trial of specialist health visitor intervention for failure to thrive. Arch Dis Child. Jun 1999;80(6):500-6. [Medline].

10. Adedoyin O, Gottlieb B, Frank R, et al. Evaluation of failure to thrive: diagnostic yield of testing for renal tubular acidosis. Pediatrics. Dec 2003;112(6 Pt 1):e463. [Medline].

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34. Walravens PA, Hambidge KM, Koepfer DM. Zinc supplementation in infants with a nutritional pattern of failure to thrive: a double-blind, controlled study. Pediatrics. Apr 1989;83(4):532-8. [Medline].

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Further Reading

• The following are relevant clinical guidelines:
  • Failure to thrive as a manifestation of child neglect
  • Genetic counseling for fragile X syndrome: Updated recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
  • Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency
  • Evaluation of suspected child physical abuse
• The following are relevant clinical trials:
  • Studies of Children With Metabolic and Other Genetic Disorders
  • Genentech National Cooperative Growth Study Surveillance Program for Nutropin AQ, Nutropin, and Protropin
  • Cobalamin Status in Young Children With Developmental Delay
• Related eMedicine topics include the following:
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
  • Malabsorption Syndromes
  • Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency
  • Glycogen-Storage Disease Type IV

Keywords

failure to thrive, FTT, growth failure, failure of growth, malnutrition, delayed growth, growth charts, infant growth, normal growth, growth in infants, normal weight in infants, normal height in infants, head circumference in infants, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, malnutrition, diarrhea, cerebral palsy, seizure, hepatomegaly, marasmus, maternal eating disorders, anorexia, bulimia, psychosocial deprivation, neglect, emotional deprivation syndrome, prematurity, placental insufficiency, alcohol ingestion, hypertension, preeclampsia, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, short stature, Prader-Willi syndrome, craniofacial abnormalities, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis, cystic fibrosis, CF, hyperthyroidism, milk protein allergy, Celiac disease, protein-losing enteropathies, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, renal failure, renal tubular acidosis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, treatment, diagnosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Mohammad F El-Baba, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Michigan
Mohammad F El-Baba, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Reda W Bassali, MBChB, Associate Professor, Departments of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical College of Georgia
Reda W Bassali, MBChB is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association and American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John Benjamin, MD, Chief, General Section of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vice Chair for Clinical Activities, Professor, Department of General Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia
John Benjamin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ruby Mehta, MD, Fellow, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Michigan
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Maria Rebello Mascarenhas, MBBS, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Section Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Director, Nutrition Support Service, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Maria Rebello Mascarenhas, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Jatinder Bhatia, MBBS, Professor of Pediatrics, Chief, Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia
Jatinder Bhatia, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Dietetic Association, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Clinical Nutrition, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Pediatric Research, and Southern Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Mead Johnson Consulting fee Consulting; Mead Johnson Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Dey LP Consulting fee Consulting; Dey LP Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Ovation Honoraria Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Merrily P M Poth, MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Merrily P M Poth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Endocrine Society, and Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Jatinder Bhatia, MBBS, Professor of Pediatrics, Chief, Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia
Jatinder Bhatia, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Dietetic Association, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Clinical Nutrition, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Pediatric Research, and Southern Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Mead Johnson Consulting fee Consulting; Mead Johnson Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Dey LP Consulting fee Consulting; Dey LP Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Ovation Honoraria Speaking and teaching