Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Girindra G Raval, MD; Chief Editor: Max J Coppes, MD, PhD, MBA more...
Czauderna P, Mackinlay G, Perilongo G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology group. J Clin Oncol. Jun 15 2002;20(12):2798-804. [Medline].
Evans AE, Land VJ, Newton WA, Randolph JG, Sather HN, Tefft M. Combination chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) in the treatment of children with malignant hepatoma. Cancer. Sep 1 1982;50(5):821-6. [Medline].
Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. Jul 24 2008;359(4):378-90. [Medline].
Romano F, Stroppa P, Bravi M, et al. Favorable outcome of primary liver transplantation in children with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pediatr Transplant. Sep 2011;15(6):573-9. [Medline].
Koniaris LG, Levi DM, Pedroso FE, et al. Is surgical resection superior to transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma?. Ann Surg. Sep 2011;254(3):527-38. [Medline].
Alagille D, Odievre M. Liver and Biliary Tract Disease in Children. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1979:331.
Berman MM, Libbey NP, Foster JH. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Polygonal cell type with fibrous stroma--an atypical variant with a favorable prognosis. Cancer. Sep 15 1980;46(6):1448-55. [Medline].
Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. Nov 2005;42(5):1208-36. [Medline].
Chlebowski RT, Tong M, Weissman J, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic and prognostic features in North American patients. Cancer. Jun 15 1984;53(12):2701-6. [Medline].
Degos F, Christidis C, Ganne-Carrie N, et al. Hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis: time to occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Gut. Jul 2000;47(1):131-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Evans AE, Land VJ, Newton WA, et al. Combination chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) in the treatment of children with malignant hepatoma. Cancer. Sep 1 1982;50(5):821-6. [Medline].
Farmer DG, Rosove MH, Shaked A, Busuttil RW. Current treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1994;219:236-47. [Medline].
Giacomantonio M, Ein SH, Mancer K, Stephens CA. Thirty years of experience with pediatric primary malignant liver tumors. J Pediatr Surg. Oct 1984;19(5):523-6. [Medline].
Greensberg M, Filler RM. Hepatic tumors. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Oncology. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott Co; 1993.
Jeffers LJ, Dubow RA, Zieve L, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy and orotic aciduria associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver. Hepatology. Jan-Feb 1988;8(1):78-81. [Medline].
Kew MC, Fisher JW. Serum erythropoietin concentrations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. Dec 1 1986;58(11):2485-8. [Medline].
Levy LJ, Swinburne LM, Boulton RP, Losowsky MS. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as fulminant hepatic failure in a young woman. Postgrad Med J. Dec 1986;62(734):1135-7. [Medline].
Mitchell RB, Wagner JE, Karp JE, et al. Syndrome of idiopathic hyperammonemia after high-dose chemotherapy: review of nine cases. Am J Med. Nov 1988;85(5):662-7. [Medline].
Morita K, Okabe I, Uchino J, et al. The proposed Japanese TNM classification of primary liver carcinoma in infants and children. Jpn J Clin Oncol. Jun 1983;13(2):361-9. [Medline].
Noda T, Sasaki Y, Yamada T, et al. Adult capillary hemangioma of the liver: report of a case. Surg Today. 2005;35(9):796-9. [Medline].
Paradinas FJ, Melia WM, Wilkinson ML, et al. High serum vitamin B12 binding capacity as a marker of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Sep 25 1982;285(6345):840-2. [Medline].
Ringe B, Wittekind C, Bechstein WO, et al. The role of liver transplantation in hepatobiliary malignancy. A retrospective analysis of 95 patients with particular regard to tumor stage and recurrence. Ann Surg. Jan 1989;209(1):88-98. [Medline].
Schafer DF, Sorrell MF. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. Apr 10 1999;353(9160):1253-7. [Medline].
Vaillo A, Rodriguez-Recio FJ, Gutierrez-Martin A, et al. Fine needle aspiration cytology of clear cell carcinoma of the gallbladder with hepatic infiltration: a case report. Acta Cytol. Jul-Aug 2004;48(4):560-4. [Medline].
Winter SS, Rose E, Katz R. Hyperammonemia after chemotherapy in an adolescent with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Nov 1997;25(5):537-40. [Medline].
Young JL Jr, Miller RW. Incidence of malignant tumors in U. S. children. J Pediatr. Feb 1975;86(2):254-8. [Medline].

