Bancroftian Filariasis Follow-up

  • Author: Robert W Tolan Jr, MD; Chief Editor: Russell W Steele, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jan 9, 2012
 

Further Inpatient Care

Observe patients with bancroftian filariasis for complications of therapy, especially if diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is used.

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Further Outpatient Care

Schedule a posttreatment follow-up visit for 12 months after treatment, with examination of peripheral blood for microfilariae.

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Inpatient & Outpatient Medications

Observe and monitor oral therapeutic plans with DEC because compliance with therapy is poor and usually incomplete.

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Deterrence/Prevention

Avoid insect vector bites.[20] This is usually not feasible for residents of endemic areas but visitors should use insect repellent and mosquito nets.

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Complications

Secondary bacterial infection of elephantiasis may occur.

Testicular torsion has been reported.[21]

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Prognosis

Prognosis is good if bancroftian filariasis is recognized and treated early.

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Patient Education

Educate patients regarding protection against insect vectors; patients should refrain from using self-treatment regimens, especially with DEC.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Robert W Tolan Jr, MD  Chief, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Saint Peter's University Hospital; Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine

Robert W Tolan Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Physicians for Social Responsibility

Disclosure: Novartis Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Specialty Editor Board

Rosemary Johann-Liang, MD  Medical Officer, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics, Division of Special Pathogens and Immunological Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration

Rosemary Johann-Liang, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD  Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Martin Weisse, MD  Program Director, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University

Martin Weisse, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP  Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society of Hospital Medicine

Disclosure: Baxter Honoraria Consulting

Chief Editor

Russell W Steele, MD  Head, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Children's Health Center; Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, and Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Michael D Nissen, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, and John Charles Walker, MSc, PhD, to the original writing and development of this article.

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Life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti in humans and the mosquito vectors (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Mansonia species).
Filarial abscess scar of left upper thigh in a teenaged adolescent male positive for Wucheria bancrofti microfilariae.
Lymphatic filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti causing limb lymphoedema, inguinal lymphadenopathy, and hydrocele. Photograph taken by Professor Bruce McMillan and donated by Dr. John Walker.
Unilateral left lower leg elephantiasis secondary to Wuchereria bancrofti infection in a male.
Unilateral lower leg elephantiasis. Note lymphedema and typical skin appearance of depigmentation and verrucosities (warty changes).
Lateral view of right outer aspect of leg of young man affected by gross elephantiasis secondary to Wuchereria bancrofti is shown. He was amicrofilaremic.
Gross elephantiasis secondary to Wuchereria bancrofti infection.
Unilateral left hydrocele and testicular enlargement secondary to Wuchereria bancrofti in a man who was also positive for microfilariae.
Bilateral hydrocele, testicular enlargement, and inguinal lymphadenopathy secondary to Wuchereria bancrofti is shown. This man was microfilaremic.
Adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti in cross section isolated from a testicular lump.
Microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti in a peripheral blood smear.
Appearance of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti after concentration of venous blood with a Nuclepore filter.
 
 
 
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