- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Endocrinology
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with microvascular (ie, retinal, renal, possibly neuropathic), macrovascular (ie, coronary, peripheral vascular), and neuropathic (ie, autonomic, peripheral) complications. Unlike type 1 diabetes mellitus, the patients are not absolutely dependent upon insulin for life, even though many of these patients ultimately are treated with insulin.
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Pediatrics
Until recently, type 2 diabetes mellitus was almost exclusively a disease of adults. Coinciding with the increasing prevalence of obesity among American children, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents has markedly increased to the point that it accounts for as many as one third of all the new cases of diabetes diagnosed in adolescents. This trend is particularly pronounced in minority racial and ethnic groups.
- Glucose IntoleranceEndocrinology
The major categories of the disorders of glycemia or glucose tolerance are type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, other specific types of diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Conditions secondarily associated with glucose intolerance also occur.
- Insulin ResistanceEndocrinology
Insulin resistance is a state in which a given concentration of insulin produces a less-than-expected biological effect. Insulin resistance has also been arbitrarily defined as the requirement of 200 or more units of insulin per day to attain glycemic control and to prevent ketosis.
- Lipodystrophy, GeneralizedEndocrinology
Millions of Americans have obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is characterized by increased body adiposity and leads to insulin resistance. Paradoxically, some conditions characterized by a paucity of fat also cause insulin resistance, namely the syndromes of lipoatrophy. The resemblance between the metabolic abnormalities of these extreme states of adiposity underscores the importance of fat tissue in energy homeostasis.
