Pediatric Asthma Questions & Answers

1. National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics. CDC. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/ashtma03-05/asthma03-05.htm.

2. [Guideline] Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov. 120(5 Suppl):S94-138. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Global Initiative for Asthma. National Institute for Health Publication. 1995. 95-3659.

4. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Global initiative for asthma (GINA) 2006. Available at http://ginasthma.org.

5. Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Garbe PL, Sondik EJ. Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980-2007. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar. 123 Suppl 3:S131-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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12. Thompson EE, Pan L, Ostrovnaya I, Weiss LA, Gern JE, Lemanske RF Jr, et al. Integrin beta 3 genotype influences asthma and allergy phenotypes in the first 6 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Jun. 119(6):1423-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Wechsler ME, Lehman E, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF Jr, Boushey HA, Deykin A, et al. beta-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and response to salmeterol. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar 1. 173(5):519-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Moore WC, Meyers DA, Wenzel SE, Teague WG, et al. Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb 15. 181(4):315-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

15. Torgerson DG, Ampleford EJ, Chiu GY, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations. Nat Genet. 2011 Jul 31. 43(9):887-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Ferreira MA, Matheson MC, Duffy DL, et al. Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. Lancet. 2011 Sep 10. 378(9795):1006-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Vinding RK, Stokholm J, Chawes BL, Bisgaard H. Blood lipid levels associate with childhood asthma, airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and aeroallergen sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Jul 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Boggs W. Blood Lipid Profile Tied to Childhood Asthma and Bronchial Responsiveness. Reuters Health Information. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/848232. July 20, 2015; Accessed: September 3, 2015.

19. Bisgaard H, Jensen SM, Bønnelykke K. Interaction between Asthma and Lung Function Growth in Early Life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jun 1. 185(11):1183-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Lemanske RF Jr, Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, Li Z, Shult PA, et al. Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Sep. 116(3):571-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS, Mauger DT, Boehmer SJ, Szefler SJ, et al. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 11. 354(19):1985-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Vesper S, McKinstry C, Haugland R, et al. Development of an Environmental Relative Moldiness index for US homes. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug. 49(8):829-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Reponen T, Vesper S, Levin L, et al. High environmental relative moldiness index during infancy as a predictor of asthma at 7 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Aug. 107(2):120-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Farah CS, Kermode JA, Downie SR, et al. Obesity is a determinant of asthma control independent of inflammation and lung mechanics. Chest. 2011 Sep. 140(3):659-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Quinto KB, Zuraw BL, Poon KY, Chen W, Schatz M, Christiansen SC. The association of obesity and asthma severity and control in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Nov. 128(5):964-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Goleva E, Searing DA, Jackson LP, Richers BN, Leung DY. Steroid requirements and immune associations with vitamin D are stronger in children than adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 May. 129 (5):1243-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Mitchell EA, Beasley R, Keil U, Montefort S, Odhiambo J, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. The association between tobacco and the risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children and adolescents: analyses from Phase Three of the ISAAC programme. Thorax. 2012 Nov. 67 (11):941-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Sheehan WJ, Mauger DT, Paul IM, et al. Acetaminophen versus Ibuprofen in Young Children with Mild Persistent Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 18. 375 (7):619-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Barclay L. Acetaminophen vs Ibuprofen Does Not Worsen Childhood Asthma. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/867592. August 17, 2016; Accessed: August 19, 2016.

30. Mathilda Chiu YH, Coull BA, Cohen S, Wooley A, Wright RJ. Prenatal and postnatal maternal stress and wheeze in urban children: effect of maternal sensitization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jul 15. 186(2):147-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Harpsøe MC, Basit S, Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Benn CS, Nøhr EA, et al. Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, and risk of asthma and atopic disease in offspring: A study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Nov 1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Donohue KM, Miller RL, Perzanowski MS, Just AC, Hoepner LA, Arunajadai S, et al. Prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A exposure and asthma development among inner-city children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Mar. 131(3):736-742.e6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Barclay L. BPA Exposure Linked to Childhood Asthma Risk. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780110. Accessed: March 12, 2013.

34. Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race/ethnicity--United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Feb 27. 53(7):145-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Moorman JE, Rudd RA, Johnson CA, King M, Minor P, Bailey C, et al. National surveillance for asthma--United States, 1980-2004. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007 Oct 19. 56(8):1-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Raza A, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Matthews SM, Holloway JW, et al. The effect of parental allergy on childhood allergic diseases depends on the sex of the child. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 May 17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates. N Engl J Med. 1995 Jan 19. 332(3):133-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Castro-Rodríguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct. 162(4 Pt 1):1403-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Osterwell N. 50 Years On: Severe Childhood Asthma Persists in Middle Age. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/826597. Accessed: June 16, 2014.

40. Tai A, Tran H, Roberts M, Clarke N, Gibson AM, Vidmar S, et al. Outcomes of childhood asthma to the age of 50 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Jun. 133(6):1572-1578.e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Coffman JM, Cabana MD, Yelin EH. Do school-based asthma education programs improve self-management and health outcomes?. Pediatrics. 2009 Aug. 124(2):729-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Wu AC, Tantisira K, Li L, Schuemann B, Weiss ST, Fuhlbrigge AL. Predictors of Symptoms are Different from Predictors of Severe Exacerbations from Asthma in Children. Chest. 2011 Feb 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, Enright PL, Hankinson JL, Irvin CG. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan. 161(1):309-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Stern G, de Jongste J, van der Valk R, Baraldi E, Carraro S, Thamrin C, et al. Fluctuation phenotyping based on daily fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values in asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Aug. 128(2):293-300. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Robroeks CM, van Vliet D, Jöbsis Q, Braekers R, Rijkers GT, Wodzig WK, et al. Prediction of asthma exacerbations in children: results of a one-year prospective study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 May. 42(5):792-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Wu AC, Tantisira K, Li L, Fuhlbrigge AL, Weiss ST, Litonjua A. Effect of vitamin D and inhaled corticosteroid treatment on lung function in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Sep 15. 186(6):508-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

47. Holbrook JT, Wise RA, Gold BD, et al. Lansoprazole for children with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Jan 25. 307(4):373-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Brozek JL, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, Cloutier MM, Lazarus SC, Li JT, et al. Long-Acting ß2-Agonist Step-off in Patients With Controlled Asthma: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Aug 27. 1-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM. The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest. 2006 Jan. 129(1):15-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Salpeter SR, Wall AJ, Buckley NS. Long-acting beta-agonists with and without inhaled corticosteroids and catastrophic asthma events. Am J Med. 2010 Apr. 123(4):322-8.e2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: New safety requirements for long-acting inhaled asthma medications called Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABA). Human Department of Health and Human services. Feb 18, 2010. 1-4. [Full Text].

52. Lemanske RF, Mauger DT, Sorkness CA, et al. Step-up therapy for children with uncontrolled asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids. N Engl J Med. March 30, 2010. 362:975-85.

53. Pearlman DS, et al. Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler versus budesonide alone in children (6-. Presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2016 Annual Scientific Meeting. San Francisco, CA</i>. 2016 Nov 13.

54. Rachelefsky G. Inhaled corticosteroids and asthma control in children: assessing impairment and risk. Pediatrics. 2009 Jan. 123(1):353-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Martinez FD, Chinchilli VM, Morgan WJ, Boehmer SJ, Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, et al. Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Feb 19. 377(9766):650-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Farber HJ, Silveira EA, Vicere DR, Kothari VD, Giardino AP. Oral Corticosteroid Prescribing for Children With Asthma in a Medicaid Managed Care Program. Pediatrics. 2017 May. 139 (5):e20164146. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Girish D Sharma, MD, FCCP, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College; Director, Section of Pediatric Pulmonology and Rush Cystic Fibrosis Center, Rush Children's Hospital, Rush University Medical Center

Girish D Sharma, MD, FCCP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Payel Gupta, MD Department of Allergy and Immunology, ENT Faculty Practice

Payel Gupta, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Charles Callahan, DO Professor, Chief, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Tripler Army Medical Center

Charles Callahan, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, American Thoracic Society, The Society of Federal Health Professionals (AMSUS), Christian Medical and Dental Associations

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Kenan Haver, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Director of Asthma Program, Director of Flexible Bronchoscopy Program, Director of Pulmonary Division Asthma Program, Co-Director of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, Co-Leader of Empyema Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans (SCAMP), Boston Children’s Hospital

Kenan Haver, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Author for: UptoDate.

Thomas Scanlin, MD Chief, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Thomas Scanlin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Society for Pediatric Research, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, American Thoracic Society, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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