Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome Questions & Answers

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2. Bennett RM. The fibromyalgia syndrome. Textbook of Rheumatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1997. 511-9.

3. McLeod JD. Juvenile Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Improved Recognition by Pediatric Primary Care Providers. J Pediatr Health Care. 2013 Aug 26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Yunus MB. Central sensitivity syndromes: a new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jun. 37(6):339-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Yunus MB. Fibromyalgia and overlapping disorders: the unifying concept of central sensitivity syndromes. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jun. 36(6):339-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan. 38(1):19-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Romano TJ. Fibromyalgia in children; diagnosis and treatment. W V Med J. 1991 Mar. 87(3):112-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Buskila D, Press J, Gedalia A. Assessment of nonarticular tenderness and prevalence of fibromyalgia in children. J Rheumatol. 1993 Feb. 20(2):368-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Kashikar-Zuck S, Graham TB, Huenefeld MD, Powers SW. A review of biobehavioral research in juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Care Res. 2000 Dec. 13(6):388-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Durmaz Y, Alayli G, Canbaz S, Zahiroglu Y, Bilgici A, Ilhanli I, et al. Prevalence of juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome in an urban population of Turkish adolescents: impact on depressive symptoms, quality of life and school performance. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013 Oct. 126(19):3705-3711. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Yunus MB, Masi AT. Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. A clinical study of thirty-three patients and matched normal controls. Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Feb. 28(2):138-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Siegel DM, Janeway D, Baum J. Fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents: clinical features at presentation and status at follow-up. Pediatrics. 1998 Mar. 101(3 Pt 1):377-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Buskila D, Neumann L, Hershman E. Fibromyalgia syndrome in children--an outcome study. J Rheumatol. 1995 Mar. 22(3):525-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Gedalia A, Garcia CO, Molina JF; Bradford NJ; Espinoza LR. Fibromyalgia syndrome: experience in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000 May-Jun. 18(3):415-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Zernikow B, Gerhold K, Bürk G, Häuser W, Hinze CH, Hospach T, et al. [Definition, diagnosis and therapy of chronic widespread pain and so-called fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents. Systematic literature review and guideline]. Schmerz. 2012 Jun. 26(3):318-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Olsen MN, Sherry DD, Boyne K, McCue R, Gallagher PR, Brooks LJ. Relationship between sleep and pain in adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Sleep. 2013 Apr 1. 36(4):509-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Tayag-Kier CE, Keenan GF, Scalzi LV. Sleep and periodic limb movement in sleep in juvenile fibromyalgia. Pediatrics. 2000 Nov. 106(5):E70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Conte PM, Walco GA, Kimura Y. Temperament and stress response in children with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct. 48(10):2923-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Neumann L, Smythe HA, Buskila D. Performance of point count and dolorimetry in assessing nonarticular tenderness in children. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1989. 28(2):138-145.

20. Calabro JJ. Fibromyalgia (fibrositis) in children. Am J Med. 1986 Sep 29. 81(3A):57-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Kashikar-Zuck S, Ting TV, Arnold LM, Bean J, Powers SW, Graham TB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia: a multisite, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jan. 64(1):297-305. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Upadhyaya HP, Arnold LM, Alaka K, Qiao M, Williams D, Mehta R. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine versus placebo in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: results from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019 May 28. 17 (1):27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Goldenberg D, Mayskiy M, Mossey C, Ruthazer R, Schmid C. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Nov. 39(11):1852-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Arnold LM, Russell IJ, Diri EW, et al. A 14-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2008 Sep. 9(9):792-805. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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26. Degotardi PJ, Klass ES, Rosenberg BS, et al. Development and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia. J Pediatr Psychol. 2006 Aug. 31(7):714-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. McLoughlin MJ, Stegner AJ, Cook DB. The relationship between physical activity and brain responses to pain in fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2011 Jun. 12(6):640-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

28. Sherry DD, Brake L, Tress JL, Sherker J, Fash K, Ferry K, et al. The Treatment of Juvenile Fibromyalgia with an Intensive Physical and Psychosocial Program. J Pediatr. 2015 Sep. 167 (3):731-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Beresford L. Juvenile Fibromyalgia: Intensive Therapy Relieves Pain. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/850033. August 25, 2015; Accessed: December 14, 2015.

30. Kashikar-Zuck S, Black WR, Pfeiffer M, Peugh J, Williams SE, Ting TV, et al. Pilot Randomized Trial of Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Neuromuscular Training for Juvenile Fibromyalgia: The FIT Teens Program. J Pain. 2018 Sep. 19 (9):1049-1062. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Walco GA, Ilowite NT. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1992 Oct. 19(10):1617-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Kashikar-Zuck S, Vaught MH, Goldschneider KR, et al. Depression, coping, and functional disability in juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Pain. 2002 Oct. 3(5):412-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Tran ST, Guite JW, Pantaleao A, Pfeiffer M, Myer GD, Sil S, et al. Preliminary outcomes of a cross-site cognitive-behavioral and neuromuscular integrative training intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Jun 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Kelly JC. Fibromyalgia: CBT/Exercise Training May Get Teens Moving. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/865754. July 06, 2016; Accessed: July 06, 2016.

Eileen R Giardino, RN, MSN, PhD, ANP-BC, FNP-BC Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Family Nursing, University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston, School of Nursing

Eileen R Giardino, RN, MSN, PhD, ANP-BC, FNP-BC is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Nurse Practitioners, American College Health Association, American Nurses Association, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Angelo P Giardino, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP Wilma T Gibson Presidential Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine; Chief Medical Officer, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital

Angelo P Giardino, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Academic Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, Harris County Medical Society, International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Ray E Helfer Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lawrence K Jung, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's National Medical Center

Lawrence K Jung, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Society, New York Academy of Sciences

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Herbert S Diamond, MD Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Chairman Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Western Pennsylvania Hospital

Herbert S Diamond, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Merck Ownership interest Other; Smith Kline Ownership interest Other; Zimmer Ownership interest Other

Gregory F Keenan, MD, Director of Medical Affairs, Department of Immunology, Centocor, Inc

Gregory F Keenan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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