Transient Synovitis Questions & Answers

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2. Morancie NA, Helton MR. Evaluating the child with a limp. Am Fam Physician. 2023 May. 107 (5):474-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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4. Fabry G. Clinical practice: the hip from birth to adolescence. Eur J Pediatr. 2010 Feb. 169(2):143-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Cook PC. Transient synovitis, septic hip, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: an approach to the correct diagnosis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014 Dec. 61 (6):1109-18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Krul M, van der Wouden JC, Schellevis FG, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Koes BW. Acute non-traumatic hip pathology in children: incidence and presentation in family practice. Fam Pract. 2010 Apr. 27(2):166-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. [Guideline] American College of Radiology, Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging. Chronic hip pain. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. 2003. [Full Text].

8. Kastrissianakis K, Beattie TF. Transient synovitis of the hip: more evidence for a viral aetiology. Eur J Emerg Med. 2010 Oct. 17(5):270-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. [Guideline] Fordham L, Gunderman R, Blatt ER, et al. Limping child--ages 0-5 years. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. 2007. [Full Text].

10. Houghton KM. Review for the generalist: evaluation of pediatric hip pain. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2009 May 18. 7:10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Del Beccaro MA, Champoux AN, Bockers T, Mendelman PM. Septic arthritis versus transient synovitis of the hip: the value of screening laboratory tests. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Dec. 21(12):1418-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Zurakowski D, et al. Validation of a clinical prediction rule for the differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Aug. 86-A(8):1629-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Yagupsky P, Dubnov-Raz G, Gené A, Ephros M, Israeli-Spanish Kingella kingae Research Group. Differentiating Kingella kingae septic arthritis of the hip from transient synovitis in young children. J Pediatr. 2014 Nov. 165 (5):985-9.e1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Luhmann SJ, Jones A, Schootman M, et al. Differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children with clinical prediction algorithms. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 May. 86-A(5):956-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Kallio MJ, Unkila-Kallio L, Aalto K, Peltola H. Serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count in septic arthritis of children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Apr. 16(4):411-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Caird MS, Flynn JM, Leung YL, et al. Factors distinguishing septic arthritis from transient synovitis of the hip in children: a prospective study. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. June 2006. 88-B:1251-1257. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Jung ST, Rowe SM, Moon ES, et al. Significance of Laboratory and Radiologic Findings for Differentiating between Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis of the Hip. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. June 2003. 23:368-372. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Singhal R, Perry DC, Khan FN, et al. The use of CRP within a clinical prediction algorithm for the differentiation of septic arthritis and transient synovitis in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Nov. 93(11):1556-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Butbul-Aviel Y, Koren A, Halevy R, et al. Procalcitonin as a Diagnostic Aid in Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis. Pediatric Emergency Care. December 2005. 21:828-832. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Clever D, Thompson D, Gosselin M, Brouillet K, Guilak F, Luhmann SJ. Pilot Study Analysis of Serum Cytokines to Differentiate Pediatric Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Nov-Dec 01. 41 (10):610-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Cruz AI Jr, Anari JB, Ramirez JM, Sankar WN, Baldwin KD. Distinguishing Pediatric Lyme Arthritis of the Hip from Transient Synovitis and Acute Bacterial Septic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cureus. 2018 Jan 25. 10 (1):e2112. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Dubois-Ferrière V, Belaieff W, Lascombes P, de Coulon G, Ceroni D. Transient synovitis of the hip: which investigations are truly useful?. Swiss Med Wkly. 2015. 145:w14176. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Lee SK, Suh KJ, Kim YW, et al. Septic arthritis versus transient synovitis at MR imaging: preliminary assessment with signal intensity alterations in bone marrow. Radiology. 1999 May. 211(2):459-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Adam M, Ibrahim B, Khidir R, Elmahdi E, Ahmed S, Ahmed A. Usefulness of MRI findings in differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of hip joint in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2022. 9:100439. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Yang WJ, Im SA, Lim GY, et al. MR imaging of transient synovitis: differentiation from septic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2006 Nov. 36(11):1154-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Kim EY, Kwack KS, Cho JH, Lee DH, Yoon SH. Usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis in the hip joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Feb. 198(2):428-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Skinner J, Glancy S, Beattie TF, Hendry GM. Transient Synovitis: is there a need to aspirate hip joint effusions?. European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2002. 9:15-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Kermond S, Fink M, Graham K, Carlin JB, Barnett P. A randomized clinical trial: should the child with transient synovitis of the hip be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Sep. 40(3):294-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Lenoir U, Slongo T, Aghayev E, Joeris A. [The Value of Conventional Radiographs of the Pelvis in Detection of Perthes Disease 3 Months After an Episode of Acute Transient Synovitis]. Klin Padiatr. 2016 Oct 12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Heylen CE, Docquier PL, Dumitriu D. Transient synovitis of the hip : is systematic radiological screening necessary for the detection of Perthes disease?. Acta Orthop Belg. 2021 Jun. 87 (2):263-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Christine C Whitelaw, MD Clinician, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine

Christine C Whitelaw, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Kentucky Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thomas JA Lehman, MD FAAP, FACR, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Chief, Hospital for Special Surgery

Thomas JA Lehman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: PM American Allergy Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lawrence K Jung, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's National Medical Center

Lawrence K Jung, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Society, New York Academy of Sciences

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Kenneth N Schikler, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Director, Divisions of Pediatric Rheumatology and Adolescent Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Kosair Children's Hospital; Professor (Part-time), Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine

Kenneth N Schikler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Rheumatology, Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine, Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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