Piriformis Injection Questions & Answers

1. Hallin RP. Sciatic pain and the piriformis muscle. Postgrad Med. 1983 Aug. 74 (2):69-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Filler AG, Haynes J, Jordan SE, Prager J, Villablanca JP, Farahani K, et al. Sciatica of nondisc origin and piriformis syndrome: diagnosis by magnetic resonance neurography and interventional magnetic resonance imaging with outcome study of resulting treatment. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005 Feb. 2 (2):99-115. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Michel F, Decavel P, Toussirot E, Tatu L, Aleton E, Monnier G, et al. Piriformis muscle syndrome: diagnostic criteria and treatment of a monocentric series of 250 patients. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2013 Jul. 56 (5):371-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Miller TA, White KP, Ross DC. The diagnosis and management of Piriformis Syndrome: myths and facts. Can J Neurol Sci. 2012 Sep. 39 (5):577-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Papadopoulos EC, Khan SN. Piriformis syndrome and low back pain: a new classification and review of the literature. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004 Jan. 35 (1):65-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Agur AMR, Dalley AF II. Lower limb. Moore's Essential Clinical Anatomy. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2019. 409-98.

7. Barton PM. Piriformis syndrome: a rational approach to management. Pain. 1991 Dec. 47 (3):345-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Huerto AP, Yeo SN, Ho KY. Piriformis muscle injection using ultrasonography and motor stimulation--report of a technique. Pain Physician. 2007 Sep. 10 (5):687-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Naja Z, Al-Tannir M, El-Rajab M, Ziade F, Daher Y, Khatib H, et al. The effectiveness of clonidine-bupivacaine repeated nerve stimulator-guided injection in piriformis syndrome. Clin J Pain. 2009 Mar-Apr. 25 (3):199-205. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Raj PP, Lou L, Erdine S, Staats PS, Waldman SD. Piriformis muscle injection. Radiographic Imaging for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2003. 250-3.

11. Blunk JA, Nowotny M, Scharf J, Benrath J. MRI verification of ultrasound-guided infiltrations of local anesthetics into the piriformis muscle. Pain Med. 2013 Oct. 14 (10):1593-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Phan DC, Gleason BC, Fan X, Chan OT, Himmelfarb E, Bannykh SI. Injection site pseudosarcoma in piriformis syndrome. Histopathology. 2011 Aug. 59 (2):327-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Mary Louise Caire, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wise Regional Medical Center

Mary Louise Caire, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Texas Medical Association, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert David Menzies, MD Faculty, Sports Medicine and Pain Management Fellowship, JPS Hospital; Assistant Professor, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Southwestern Medical School

Robert David Menzies, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Patrick T Prevo, MD Fellow in Sports Medicine, John Peter Smith Health Network

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Erik D Schraga, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Laurie Scudder, DNP, NP Nurse Planner, Medscape; Clinical Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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