Atopic Dermatitis Questions & Answers

1. Spergel JM. From atopic dermatitis to asthma: the atopic march. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Aug. 105(2):99-106; quiz 107-9, 117. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Carlsten C, Dimich-Ward H, Ferguson A, Watson W, Rousseau R, Dybuncio A, et al. Atopic dermatitis in a high-risk cohort: natural history, associated allergic outcomes, and risk factors. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 Jan. 110(1):24-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. [Guideline] Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, Feldman SR, Hanifin JM, Simpson EL, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Feb. 70(2):338-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Heller M, Shin HT, Orlow SJ, Schaffer JV. Mycophenolate mofetil for severe childhood atopic dermatitis: experience in 14 patients. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jul. 157(1):127-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Van Velsen SG, Haeck IM, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA. Severe atopic dermatitis treated with everolimus. J Dermatolog Treat. 2009. 20(6):365-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Feldman SR. Adherence must always be considered: is everolimus really ineffective as a treatment for atopic dermatitis?. J Dermatolog Treat. 2009. 20(6):317-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Huang JT, Abrams M, Tlougan B, Rademaker A, Paller AS. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis decreases disease severity. Pediatrics. 2009 May. 123(5):e808-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Jansen CT, Haapalahti J, Hopsu-Havu VK. Immunoglobulin E in the human atopic skin. Arch Dermatol Forsch. 1973 May 28. 246(4):209-302. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Koga C, Kabashima K, Shiraishi N, Kobayashi M, Tokura Y. Possible pathogenic role of Th17 cells for atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Nov. 128 (11):2625-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Molfino NA, Gossage D, Kolbeck R, Parker JM, Geba GP. Molecular and clinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of interleukin-5 and its receptor. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011 Sep 23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Hershko AY, Suzuki R, Charles N, Alvarez-Errico D, Sargent JL, Laurence A, et al. Mast cell interleukin-2 production contributes to suppression of chronic allergic dermatitis. Immunity. 2011 Oct 28. 35 (4):562-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Kim BS, Siracusa MC, Saenz SA, Noti M, Monticelli LA, Sonnenberg GF, et al. TSLP elicits IL-33-independent innate lymphoid cell responses to promote skin inflammation. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jan 30. 5 (170):170ra16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Kim BS, Wang K, Siracusa MC, Saenz SA, Brestoff JR, Monticelli LA, et al. Basophils promote innate lymphoid cell responses in inflamed skin. J Immunol. 2014 Oct 1. 193 (7):3717-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Roediger B, Kyle R, Yip KH, Sumaria N, Guy TV, Kim BS, et al. Cutaneous immunosurveillance and regulation of inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol. 2013 Jun. 14 (6):564-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Imai Y, Yasuda K, Sakaguchi Y, Haneda T, Mizutani H, Yoshimoto T, et al. Skin-specific expression of IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and elicits atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 20. 110 (34):13921-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Salimi M, Barlow JL, Saunders SP, Xue L, Gutowska-Owsiak D, Wang X, et al. A role for IL-25 and IL-33-driven type-2 innate lymphoid cells in atopic dermatitis. J Exp Med. 2013 Dec 16. 210 (13):2939-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Kim BS. Innate lymphoid cells in the skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Mar. 135 (3):673-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Cevikbas F, Wang X, Akiyama T, Kempkes C, Savinko T, Antal A, et al. A sensory neuron-expressed IL-31 receptor mediates T helper cell-dependent itch: Involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Feb. 133 (2):448-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, et al. Sensory Neurons Co-opt Classical Immune Signaling Pathways to Mediate Chronic Itch. Cell. 2017 Sep 21. 171 (1):217-228.e13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Osawa R, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. Filaggrin gene defects and the risk of developing allergic disorders. Allergol Int. 2011 Mar. 60(1):1-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Smith FJ, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris. Nat Genet. 2006 Mar. 38(3):337-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006 Apr. 38(4):441-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Hvid M, Vestergaard C, Kemp K, Christensen GB, Deleuran B, Deleuran M. IL-25 in atopic dermatitis: a possible link between inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction?. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 Jan. 131 (1):150-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Savinko T, Matikainen S, Saarialho-Kere U, Lehto M, Wang G, Lehtimäki S, et al. IL-33 and ST2 in atopic dermatitis: expression profiles and modulation by triggering factors. J Invest Dermatol. 2012 May. 132 (5):1392-400. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Soumelis V, Reche PA, Kanzler H, Yuan W, Edward G, Homey B, et al. Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat Immunol. 2002 Jul. 3 (7):673-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Brandt EB, Sivaprasad U. Th2 Cytokines and Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2011 Aug 10. 2(3):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

27. Margolis DJ, Kim B, Apter AJ, Gupta J, Hoffstad O, Papadopoulos M, et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin variation, filaggrin loss of function, and the persistence of atopic dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Mar. 150 (3):254-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Kubo A, Nagao K, Amagai M. Epidermal barrier dysfunction and cutaneous sensitization in atopic diseases. J Clin Invest. 2012 Feb 1. 122(2):440-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

29. Sun LD, Xiao FL, Li Y, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies two new susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis in the Chinese Han population. Nat Genet. 2011 Jun 12. 43(7):690-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Paternoster L, Standl M, Chen CM, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2011 Dec 25. 44(2):187-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Williams H, Flohr C. How epidemiology has challenged 3 prevailing concepts about atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jul. 118(1):209-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Zutavern A, Hirsch T, Leupold W, Weiland S, Keil U, von Mutius E. Atopic dermatitis, extrinsic atopic dermatitis and the hygiene hypothesis: results from a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Oct. 35(10):1301-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Weston S, Halbert A, Richmond P, Prescott SL. Effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child. 2005 Sep. 90(9):892-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Lee CH, Chuang HY, Hong CH, et al. Lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking and the development of adult-onset atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Mar. 164(3):483-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

35. Horii KA, Simon SD, Liu DY, Sharma V. Atopic dermatitis in children in the United States, 1997-2004: visit trends, patient and provider characteristics, and prescribing patterns. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep. 120(3):e527-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Williams HC, Pembroke AC, Forsdyke H, Boodoo G, Hay RJ, Burney PG. London-born black Caribbean children are at increased risk of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Feb. 32(2 Pt 1):212-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Leung DY, Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2003 Jan 11. 361(9352):151-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Fox S. Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in Children Are Persistent. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/823090. Accessed: April 15, 2014.

39. Margolis JS, Abuabara K, Bilker W, Hoffstad O, Margolis DJ. Persistence of Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Apr 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Silverberg JI. Persistence of Childhood Eczema Into Adulthood. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Apr 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Armstrong AW, Kim RH, Idriss NZ, Larsen LN, Lio PA. Online video improves clinical outcomes in adults with atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Mar. 64(3):502-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Garmhausen D, Hagemann T, Bieber T, Dimitriou I, Fimmers R, Diepgen T, et al. Characterization of different courses of atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients. Allergy. 2013 Apr. 68(4):498-506. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Hanifin JM, Rajka G. Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). 1980. 92 (suppl):44-7.

44. Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, et al. Severity strata for Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), modified EASI, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), objective SCORAD, Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index and body surface area in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Nov. 177 (5):1316-1321. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Schram ME, Spuls PI, Leeflang MM, Lindeboom R, Bos JD, Schmitt J. EASI, (objective) SCORAD and POEM for atopic eczema: responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference. Allergy. 2012 Jan. 67 (1):99-106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Silverberg JI, Gelfand JM, Margolis DJ, Fonacier L, Boguniewicz M, Schwartz LB, et al. Severity strata for POEM, PO-SCORAD, and DLQI in US adults with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Oct. 121 (4):464-468.e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Schmitt J, Chen CM, Apfelbacher C, et al. Infant eczema, infant sleeping problems, and mental health at 10 years of age: the prospective birth cohort study LISAplus. Allergy. 2011 Mar. 66(3):404-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Nikkels AF, Piérard GE. Occult varicella. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Dec. 28(12):1073-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Haeck IM, Rouwen TJ, Timmer-de Mik L, et al. Topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis and the risk of glaucoma and cataracts. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Feb. 64(2):275-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Heil PM, Maurer D, Klein B, Hultsch T, Stingl G. Omalizumab therapy in atopic dermatitis: depletion of IgE does not improve the clinical course - a randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind pilot study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2010 Dec. 8(12):990-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Beck LA, Thaçi D, Hamilton JD, Graham NM, Bieber T, Rocklin R, et al. Dupilumab treatment in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10. 371 (2):130-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Thaçi D, Simpson EL, Beck LA, Bieber T, Blauvelt A, Papp K, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical treatments: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2016 Jan 2. 387 (10013):40-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, Beck LA, Blauvelt A, Cork MJ, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 15. 375 (24):2335-2348. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Simpson EL, et al. Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, Phase 3 study (abstract #4640). Presented at the 27th European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Congress. September 15, 2018. Paris, France. [Full Text].

55. Paller AS, Siegfried E, Gooderham M, Beck LA, Boguniewica M, Sher L, et al. Dupilumab significantly improves atopic dermatitis in children aged 6 to 12 years: Results from phase 3 trial (LIBERTY AD PEDS) (abstract 215). Presented at Revolutionizing Atopic Dermatitis 2020 virtual meeting. April 5, 2020. [Full Text].

56. Brunk D. FDA Gives Nod to Tralokinumab for Adults With Moderate to Severe AD. Medscape Medical News. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/965674. December 28, 2021; Accessed: January 4, 2022.

57. AnaptysBio. AnaptysBio Reports Positive Topline Proof-of-Concept Data from Phase 2a Clinical Trial of ANB020 in Atopic Dermatitis. Available at http://ir.anaptysbio.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=254208&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2305583. October 10, 2017; Accessed: November 13, 2017.

58. Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jan. 12 (1):25-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. AbbVie. AbbVie's Upadacitinib (ABT-494) Meets Primary Endpoint in Phase 2b Study in Atopic Dermatitis. Available at https://news.abbvie.com/news/abbvies-upadacitinib-abt-494-meets-primary-endpoint-in-phase-2b-study-in-atopic-dermatitis.htm. September 7, 2017; Accessed: November 13, 2017.

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Brian S Kim, MD, MTR, FAAD Sol and Clara Kest Professor, Vice Chair of Research, Site Chair, Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Director, Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, The Kimberly and Eric J Waldman Department of Dermatology, Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Brian S Kim, MD, MTR, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received research grant from: Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Celgene Corporation, LEO Pharma, and the National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) of the National Institutes of Health [NIH (K08AR065577 and R01AR070116)]<br/>Consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Cara Therapeutics, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Trevi Therapeutics; Scientific Advisory Board for Abrax Japan, Granular Therapeutics, and Recens Medical. .

Richard P Vinson, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Mountain View Dermatology, PA

Richard P Vinson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Texas Medical Association, Association of Military Dermatologists, Texas Dermatological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Van Perry, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio

Van Perry, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Peter Fritsch, MD Chair, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Innsbruck, Austria

Peter Fritsch, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Dermatological Association, International Society of Pediatric Dermatology, and Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Bernice R Krafchik, MBChB, FRCPC Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Dermatology, University of Toronto

Bernice R Krafchik, MBChB, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Dermatological Association, Canadian Medical Association, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and Society for Pediatric Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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